Looming Scarcity of Urea in India
Why in News ? Relevance: Basic Facts Current Situation Key Reasons for Rising Demand Domestic Production Constraints Dependence on Imports Subsidy Burden Economic Implications Policy and Reform Options Broader Context
Decoding India’s projected GDP
Why in News? Relevance : GS-3 (Economy): GS-2 (Polity & Governance): Basic Concepts 1. What is GDP? 2. How GDP is Calculated in USD Terms: India’s Growth Record (Historical Perspective) Period Nominal GDP CAGR Rupee Depreciation CAGR Implied Growth Outcome Past 25 years (2000–2024) 11.9% 2.7% India could reach $55.9 trillion by 2048 Past 11 […]
Debt of States
Why in News? Relevance Conceptual Basics What is State Debt? Key Measures: Legal and Policy Framework Provision / Committee Key Recommendations / Provisions FRBM Act, 2003 (and Amendments) Mandates fiscal discipline and debt targets for Centre & States. N.K. Singh FRBM Review Committee (2017) Recommended overall public debt ≤ 60% of GDP by 2023 (Centre 40%, States […]
Foreign Capital and Indian Banks
Why in News? Relevance Historical Context Why Foreign Investors are Interested ? Broader Economic Impact Risks and Concerns Policy and Regulatory Safeguards Conclusion
India’s Maritime Sector: Historic Transformation
Why in News? Relevance Background: Maritime Significance Key Announcements at the Conclave Major Achievements Highlighted Indicator Progress Achieved Port Capacity Doubled since 2014; JNPT now India’s largest container port. Inland Cargo Movement Increased by 700%, reflecting success of National Waterways policy. Global Recognition India’s ports rated among best in the developing world. Logistics Performance Index (World Bank) Significant improvement […]
India’s metro network and ridership quadrupled in the last decade
Why in News ? Relevance: Background & Evolution Leading Metro Systems (Operational Length, 2025) City Network Length (km) Daily Ridership (approx.) Delhi 394 65 lakh Bengaluru (Namma Metro) 96 10 lakh Mumbai 80.2 8.5 lakh Kolkata 74 6 lakh Hyderabad 69.2 4.7 lakh Chennai 54 3.19 lakh Pune 33.2 2.18 lakh Fare Structure & Economics […]
India’s per capita income to cross $5000 by 2031
Why in News ? Relevance Key Data & Projections Indicator 2023 2031 (Projected) Per Capita Income (USD) 2,729 5,242 Share of Upper-Middle Income Households 11% (2010) 24% (2035) Non-essential Spending Share 1950s: <20% Now: ~60% Premium Product Growth 2–3× faster than mass market Top 20% Households Hold ~85% of savings, drive consumption Relevant Keywords Structural […]
Municipal bonds now eligible for repo, reverse repo deals
Why in News ? Relevance Concept Basics: What are Municipal Bonds Significance of Allowing Repo Eligibility Liquidity and Depth Broader Investor Base Infrastructure Financing Fiscal Decentralization Inclusion in Money Market Ecosystem Challenges & Constraints Challenge Explanation Low Credit Quality of ULBs Most municipalities have weak balance sheets, limited revenue sources (property tax collection <0.2% of […]
Restoring fiscal space for the States
Why is it in the News? Relevance GST and Fiscal Policy GST Introduction: Centre-State Fiscal Relations: Revenue Sharing History: Overview Impact of GST Compensation Cess Merger Erosion of Fiscal Autonomy Structural Issues in State Finances Proposed Solutions for Greater Fiscal Autonomy Comparative Perspective Takeaway
Mokyr, Aghion and Howitt win Nobel economics prize
The Nobel Economics Prize 2025 Relevance Laureates’ Contributions 1. Joel Mokyr 2. Philippe Aghion & Peter Howitt Key Concepts Innovation-Driven Growth Creative Destruction Historical Economic Stagnation Implications of the Research Historical Context of the Prize Key Takeaways