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ICJ’s Climate Ruling

Context Relevance : GS 3(Environment and Ecology) Background ICJ’s Observations Ruling’s Relevance Implications Area Impact Climate Litigation Could empower lawsuits against states or corporations for inaction. Global South Helps press for climate reparations, technology transfer, and climate finance. Treaty Enforcement Though ICJ cannot enforce treaties, its opinion adds moral-legal weight to commitments like the Paris Agreement. Equity Principle Reinforces common […]

India–UK Free Trade Agreement (CETA)

Core Agreement Highlights Relevance : GS 2(International Relations) ,GS 3(Economy -Import & Export) India’s Key Economic Gains Relief on Social Security Contributions Broader Trade & Investment Impacts Movement of People & Services  Strategic & Defence Roadmap (Vision 2035) Retrospective Linkages Future Implications

Tughlaqabad: A fort misunderstood

Historical Significance Relevance : GS 1(Culture ,History and Heritage) Architectural and Strategic Genius Cultural and Spiritual Dimensions Debunking the “Curse” Myth vs Reality: Governance Implications Retrospective Linkages Cultural Policy Lessons

50% coral Cover Reduction in Lakshadweep

Key Findings of the Study Relevance : GS 3(Environment and Ecology) Scientific Contribution Climate Change Linkages Retrospective Linkages Concerns & Risks Way Ahead (Policy + Scientific)

Current Affairs 25 July 2025

Content: 24-year survey reveals that coral cover in Lakshadweep saw a 50% reduction Key Findings of the Study Relevance : GS 3(Environment and Ecology) Scientific Contribution Climate Change Linkages Retrospective Linkages Concerns & Risks Way Ahead (Policy + Scientific) Tughlaqabad: A fort misunderstood Historical Significance Relevance : GS 1(Culture ,History and Heritage) Architectural and Strategic […]

Editorials/Opinions Analysis For UPSC 25 July 2025

Content India’s Electoral Architecture: Structural Fault Lines Current Trigger: Bihar Electoral Roll Revision (2025) Relevance: GS 2 (Elections and reforms) Practice Question: Discuss the limitations of the Representation of the People Act, 1950 in the context of India’s mobile population. What alternative voter enrolment models can be considered for inclusive electoral participation? (15 marks) Structural […]

PIB Summaries 25 July 2025

Content INCOME TAX DAY, 2025 Historical Background Key tech milestones: Relevance: GS 3(Economy -Taxation), GS 2(Governance) Importance of Income Tax • ITR Filing Trends ITR filings rose by 36% in 5 years: – Indicates: • Gross Direct Tax Collection (₹ Lakh Crore)              Year                Collection Growth supported by: Digital Transformation PAN system: CPC (2009): […]