Neo-Classical Theory: Follett, Mayo & Informal Org
Released: 13 August 2026 · Public Administration Paper 1 Neo-Classical Theory: Follett, Mayo and the Discovery of the Informal Organisation Classical theory built the organisation as a machine. Neo-classical theory discovered that a machine cannot explain why six women in a test room kept producing more no matter what was done to the lighting. Between […]
Classical Theory: Gulick & Urwick’s POSDCORB
Released: 13 August 2026 · Public Administration Paper 1 Classical Theory: Gulick & Urwick POSDCORB, the Four Ps and the Science of Administration Classical Theory is the high-water mark of the claim that public administration is a science. In Papers on the Science of Administration (1937), Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick argued that administrators could […]
Scientific Management: Taylor’s Principles & Critique
Released: 13 August 2026 · Public Administration Paper 1 Scientific Management & the Scientific Management Movement F.W. Taylor — Principles, Movement & Critique Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915) replaced rule-of-thumb work with measured method, and in doing so gave administration its founding obsession — efficiency. His Principles of Scientific Management (1911) set out four principles, four […]
Minnowbrook Conferences I, II, III & at Fifty
Released: 13 August 2026 · Public Administration Optional The Minnowbrook Conferences: I, II, III and at Fifty — Fifty Years of Self-Examination In September 1968, Dwight Waldo gathered about 35 scholars under the age of 35 at Syracuse University’s conference centre in the Adirondacks and asked whether public administration was responding to a time of […]
Social Stratification & Mobility for UPSC Sociology
Stratification and Mobility | Legacy IAS — PSIR Notes Sociology Optional · Paper I · Unit 5 Stratification and Mobility Equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation; the functionalist, Marxist and Weberian theories; stratification by class, status, gender, ethnicity and race; and the whole field of social mobility. 📚 Paper I 📌 Unit 5 🧭 […]
Sociological Thinkers for UPSC Sociology Optional
Sociological Thinkers | Legacy IAS — PSIR Notes Sociology Optional · Paper I · Unit 4 Sociological Thinkers The six thinkers the syllabus names — Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton and G. H. Mead — with their core concepts and the standard criticisms. 📚 Paper I 📌 Unit 4 […]
Research Methods & Analysis for UPSC Sociology
Research Methods and Analysis | Legacy IAS — PSIR Notes Sociology Optional · Paper I · Unit 3 Research Methods and Analysis Qualitative and quantitative methods, the full range of data-collection techniques from observation to content analysis, and the toolkit of variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity. 📚 Paper I 📌 Unit 3 🧭 Sections […]
Is Sociology a Science? | UPSC Sociology
Sociology as Science | Legacy IAS — PSIR Notes Sociology Optional · Paper I · Unit 2 Sociology as Science Science and the scientific method and its critique, the major theoretical strands of research methodology, positivism and the attacks on it, and the long argument over fact, value and objectivity. 📚 Paper I 📌 Unit […]
Sociology as a Discipline for UPSC Optional
Sociology Optional · Paper I · Unit 1 Sociology The Discipline Modernity and the social changes in Europe that gave birth to sociology, the scope of the subject and its comparison with history, anthropology, psychology, economics, political science and philosophy, and the break with common sense. 📚 Paper I 📌 Unit 1 🧭 Sections 3 […]
Good Governance: Concept, Application & Indian Practice
Released: 13 August 2026 · Public Administration Optional Good Governance: Concept and Application — Theory, Critique & Indian Practice Governance is the value-neutral process of steering; good governance is the normative and evaluative standard applied to that process; ethical governance is the moral quality of those who govern. The concept was formalised by the World […]