All Topic Modules

Unit 1 — LWE

Naxalism — Causes & Remedies

Root causes of Left Wing Extremism, the development paradox, SAMADHAN doctrine and the Malkanagiri model of governance-led elimination.

SAMADHAN Red Corridor PESA & FRA 126 → 7 Districts
Read Notes → Unit 1 · GS3
Unit 1 — LWE

Linkages — Development & Spread of Extremism

How governance failure fuels insurgency: North-East peace accords (Bodo 2020, Karbi 2021), WHAM doctrine in J&K, and Op Sindoor's security dimension.

NE Peace Accords WHAM Pahalgam 2025 Op Sindoor
Read Notes → Unit 1 · GS3
Unit 2 — External Threats

External State & Non-State Actors

Pakistan-ISI-terror nexus, China's grey-zone tactics (Galwan, CPEC, Cartographic Aggression), narco-terrorism, OGWs, and India's assertive counter-doctrine.

Op Sindoor Narco-Terror CPEC Radicalisation
Read Notes → Unit 2 · GS3
Unit 3 — Cyber & Media

Cyber Security & Communication Networks

CIA triad, NCSP 2013, CERT-In, DPDPA 2023, drone warfare (Op Sindoor — 1.5M cyberattacks), social media governance, and India's ITU Tier 1 status.

CERT-In DPDPA 2023 UAV Threats ITU Tier 1
Read Notes → Unit 3 · GS3
Unit 3B — Disaster Management

Disaster Management — Complete Notes

NDMA, NDRF, Sendai Framework (2015–30), disaster risk reduction, early warning systems, and India's evolving climate-disaster nexus with current affairs.

NDMA Sendai Framework NDRF DRR
Read Notes → Unit 3B · GS3
Unit 3C — ML & Terror Finance

Money Laundering & Its Prevention

PMLA 2002, PLI stages, FATF evaluation (2024), crime-terror nexus, JAM Trinity (₹1.78L crore saved), NMFT Conference 2022, and 0.5% conviction rate gap.

PMLA & ED FATF NMFT 2022 Crypto PMLA
Read Notes → Unit 3C · GS3
Unit 4 — Border Areas

Security Challenges in Border Areas

15,107 km land border management — CIBMS, KAVACH, BOLD-QIT, Vibrant Villages, FMR scrapped (2024), China Cartographic Aggression (2025), and maritime security.

CIBMS FMR Scrapped BADP & BIM Maritime SAGAR
Read Notes → Unit 4 · GS3
Unit 5 — Security Forces

Security Forces & Their Mandates

National Security Architecture, IB vs RAW, NIA, CAPFs (BSF/ITBP/CRPF/CISF/NSG), UAPA 2019, AFSPA, Integrated Theatre Commands, and the CAPF Bill 2026 controversy.

IB & RAW UAPA 2019 AFSPA CAPF Bill 2026
Read Notes → Unit 5 · GS3
⭐ Must Read

Internal Security — Complete PYQ Compendium

Every Internal Security question from UPSC Mains 2013–2025 with structured, colour-coded answer frameworks. Includes 5 new 2025 questions, probable 2026 questions, data anchors, and a Master Tips section for scoring 12+/15.

52 Questions 2013–2025 Answer Frameworks CAPF Bill Probable
Open Compendium → All Units · 191 KB