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U.S.’s heavy duty attack on Iran’s nuke sites

Context & Strategic Significance Relevance : GS 2(International Relations) How the Strike Unfolded Why B-2 Bombers and MOPs Were Used Capabilities and Challenges of B-2 Bomber Military and Political Implications Next-Gen Stealth Bomber: B-21 Raider Conclusion

No headway in India-ASEAN trade deal review despite 9 meetings in last one year

Background: ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) Signed in 2009. India opened 71% of its tariff lines to ASEAN. In contrast: Relevance : GS 2(International Relations),GS 3(Economy) Trade Imbalance Concerns over 15 years: Review Efforts and Deadlock China Angle: Rules of Origin Violation  Strategic and Economic Implications Way Forward India may need to:

India ramps up oil imports from Russia and U.S. in June amid instability in West Asia

Context:Amid rising tensions in West Asia, including recent strikes on Iran, India has sharply increased its crude oil imports from Russia and the U.S. in June 2025. This reflects a strategic shift in India’s energy sourcing away from traditional West Asian suppliers. Relevance: GS 3 (Energy Security, International Relations, Indian Economy) Conclusion:

U.S. bombs three key Iranian nuclear sites

In a dramatic escalation, the U.S. launched airstrikes on Iran’s key nuclear facilities—Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan—marking a shift from diplomacy to direct military action amid Israel-Iran tensions, raising fears of a broader regional conflict. Relevance: GS 2 ( International Relations ), GS 3 (Security, Nuclear Policy)

What was decided at the UN Oceans Conference?

Context: UNOC 2025 – A Global Push for Ocean Conservation Relevance : GS 2(International Relations) Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty – What & Why Why BBNJ is Crucial for Marine Conservation Key Hurdle: Equitable Sharing of Marine Resources Major Announcements & Voluntary Commitments at UNOC Strategic Significance for India Conclusion / Key Takeaway

India increased its nuclear warhead count to 180 in 2024

Context & Global Background Relevance : GS 2(International Relations) ,GS 3(Technology ,Science) India’s Nuclear Status (as of Jan 2025) Pakistan’s Parallel Developments Strategic Risks & Emerging Concerns Global Nuclear Inventory (Jan 2025 SIPRI Estimates) Country Total Warheads Deployed Stored U.S. 5,177 1,770 1,930 Russia 5,459 1,718 2,591 China 600 24 576 India 180 Not specified   […]

The Third Nuclear Age

Introduction : The Third Nuclear Age marks a shift from traditional deterrence-based stability to a more unpredictable era where nuclear weapons are used as tools of coercion and strategic signalling. This phase reflects global power realignment, weakening of nuclear norms, and rising risk of nuclear use, unlike the structured bipolarity of the Cold War or the disarmament hopes of the post-Cold War […]