Q1. Consider the statements :
- Marine protected areas declared under WPA 1972.
- Fishing, research, or human activity prohibited in marine protected areas.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
- Marine protected areas → notified under WPA 1972.
- Certain regulated activities (sustainable fishing, research) may be allowed with permissions.
Q2. Which of the following is a biosphere reserve in India?
(a) Sundarbans
(b) Great Himalayan
(c) Nilgiri
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation:
- All three are UNESCO biosphere reserves, designated for conservation, research, and sustainable development.
Q3. Consider the statements regarding Tiger Reserves in India:
- They are governed under the Project Tiger Scheme.
- Core zones are strictly protected; buffer zones allow regulated human activity.
- They are legally notified under WPA 1972.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3 only
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
- Project Tiger (1973) → tiger conservation.
- Legal notification under Wildlife Protection Act 1972, core and buffer zones concept is integral.
Q4. Which of the following are threats to biodiversity?
- Habitat fragmentation
- Overexploitation
- Climate change
- Alien species introduction
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
- All four factors are recognized globally and in India as biodiversity threats (IPBES, IUCN).
Q5. Consider the statements regarding Wetlands in India:
- Ramsar Convention → international treaty to protect wetlands.
- India has over 40 Ramsar sites as of 2025.
- Wetlands include lakes, rivers, swamps, and mangroves.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2 and 3 only
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
- India → 93 Ramsar sites (2025).
- Wetlands = aquatic ecosystems, critical for biodiversity, flood control, carbon sequestration.
