Daily Static Quiz Prelims Practice 2027
Harihara I and Bukka I of the Sangama dynasty founded Vijayanagara in 1336 on the banks of the Tungabhadra. Krishnadevaraya (1509–29) of the Tuluva dynasty was the empire's greatest ruler, not its founder, Devaraya I was a later Sangama ruler known for irrigation works on the Tungabhadra, and Saluva Narasimha founded the Saluva dynasty, the second of the four Vijayanagara dynasties.
- Amuktamalyada, a work on statecraft and devotion, was composed in Telugu by Krishnadevaraya.
- The Battle of Talikota (1565) was fought between Vijayanagara and the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates.
Statement 1 is correct — Krishnadevaraya wrote Amuktamalyada in Telugu, and his court was adorned by the Ashtadiggajas, eight Telugu poets including Allasani Peddana. Statement 2 is correct — at Talikota (Rakshasa-Tangadi), 1565, the alliance of Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda and Bidar defeated Vijayanagara under Aliya Rama Raya, and the capital at Hampi was sacked.
Option (a) is incorrectly matched — Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller, came to India in the 14th century during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, before Krishnadevaraya's reign (1509–29). Options (b), (c) and (d) are correct — Nicolo de Conti (Italian) visited around 1420 during Devaraya I, Abdur Razzaq (Persian envoy) visited during Devaraya II, and Domingo Paes (Portuguese) described Vijayanagara under Krishnadevaraya.
- Assertion (A): The Bahmani kingdom was founded in 1347 by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah.
- Reason (R): Mahmud Gawan, a minister of the Bahmani kingdom, built a famous madrasa at Bidar.
Assertion A is correct — Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah founded the Bahmani kingdom in 1347, after a revolt against Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Reason R is correct — Mahmud Gawan, the Persian-origin chief minister, built the madrasa at Bidar and carried out administrative reforms. But R does not explain A, because Gawan's work came in the later 15th century, long after the kingdom's founding, so both are true but unconnected.
- Under the Amara-nayaka system of Vijayanagara, military commanders were assigned territories to govern in return for maintaining troops.
- The Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur was built under the Adil Shahi dynasty.
- The capital of the Bahmani kingdom was shifted from Bidar to Gulbarga.
Statement 1 is correct — Amara-nayakas held territories (amaram), maintained horses and elephants for the king, and paid tribute. Statement 2 is correct — the Gol Gumbaz, the mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah, is in Bijapur and is famous for its whispering gallery. Statement 3 is incorrect — the shift was the other way, from Gulbarga to Bidar, under Ahmad Shah I (around 1429).
