Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Mayon Volcano:
- It is a shield volcano known for effusive eruptions.
- It is located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines.
- It is famous for its nearly perfect symmetrical cone shape.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B (2 and 3 only)
Explanation:
- Statement 1: Incorrect → Mayon is a stratovolcano (composite), characterised by explosive eruptions due to viscous magma, unlike shield volcanoes which have gentle slopes and effusive eruptions.
- Statement 2: Correct → It is located in Luzon (Philippines), part of a tectonically active region.
- Statement 3: Correct → Known globally for its near-perfect conical symmetry, a classic stratovolcano feature.
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding metamaterials:
- Their properties are determined primarily by chemical composition rather than structure.
- They can exhibit behaviours not found in naturally occurring materials.
- They are incapable of responding to external stimuli after fabrication.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. None
Answer: A (Only one)
Explanation:
- Statement 1: Incorrect → Metamaterials derive properties mainly from their engineered internal structure, not just chemical composition.
- Statement 2: Correct → They can exhibit unusual properties (e.g., negative refractive index, adaptive behaviour) not found in nature.
- Statement 3: Incorrect → New-generation metamaterials can adapt and respond dynamically to environmental stimuli.
Q3. Consider the following statements regarding anti-defection law:
- The Tenth Schedule was inserted by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985.
- The Speaker’s decision on disqualification is immune from judicial review.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A (1 only)
Explanation:
- Statement 1: Correct → The Tenth Schedule (1985) provides framework for disqualification on grounds of defection.
- Statement 2: Incorrect → As per Kihoto Hollohan vs Zachillhu, Speaker’s decision is subject to judicial review, though with limited scope.
Q4. Consider the following statements:
- The National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS-DCP) is implemented by the Indian Coast Guard.
- The Indian Navy is the primary nodal agency for oil spill response in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A (1 only)
Explanation:
- Statement 1: Correct → The Indian Coast Guard is the nodal authority for marine oil spill response under NOS-DCP.
- Statement 2: Incorrect → The Navy plays a supporting role, but is not the primary nodal agency.
Q5. Assertion (A): Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation can reduce rainfall over the Indian subcontinent.
Reason (R): AMOC directly controls the Indian monsoon through local ocean currents in the Arabian Sea.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Answer: C (A is true but R is false)
Explanation:
- Assertion: Correct → AMOC influences global heat distribution, shifting the ITCZ, which indirectly weakens the Indian monsoon.
- Reason: Incorrect → AMOC does not directly control monsoon via Arabian Sea currents; its influence is indirect and global, not localised.
