Q1. In the context of India’s public health, why is the high prevalence of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) particularly concerning?
- Indian women tend to develop insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome at lower Body Mass Index (BMI) levels compared to many other populations.
- The “Thrifty Genotype” hypothesis suggests that historical adaptations to food scarcity may predispose individuals to metabolic disorders in calorie-rich environments.
- PMOS is a communicable disorder that spreads rapidly in densely populated urban areas.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Q1. (B)
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: Indian women often exhibit the “thin-fat phenotype,” developing metabolic abnormalities at lower BMI levels.
- Statement 2 is correct: The “Thrifty Genotype” hypothesis explains heightened susceptibility to obesity and diabetes in energy-rich environments.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: PMOS is a non-communicable endocrine-metabolic disorder, not an infectious disease.
Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the geography of Kheerganga:
- Kheerganga is located in the Parvati Valley of Himachal Pradesh, and the Parvati River is a tributary of the Beas River.
- The region is known for natural geothermal springs associated with tectonic activity in the young Himalayan fold mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1 and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
Q2. (C)
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: The Parvati River joins the Beas near Bhuntar.
- Statement 2 is correct: Kheerganga’s sulfur hot springs are linked to tectonic activity and geothermal processes.
Therefore, both statements are correct.
Q3. The “Pride of Hills” initiative is implemented as a specialized component under which of the following financial frameworks?
A) Finance Commission Grants-in-Aid
B) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
C) North Eastern Council Annual Plan
D) Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI)
Q3. (D)
Explanation:
- Pride of Hills is a dedicated capital assistance window under the Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment framework for FY 2026–27.
- It is designed specifically for hill and Himalayan States.
Q4. According to the World Health Organization, the term Excess Mortality refers to:
A) Total deaths confirmed through laboratory testing for a specific disease
B) The difference between observed deaths and expected deaths during a given period
C) Deaths occurring only in low-income countries during a pandemic
D) The increase in crude birth rate relative to death rate during a crisis
Q4. (B)
Explanation:
Excess mortality includes:
- Direct deaths caused by a disease, and
- Indirect deaths due to healthcare disruptions, delayed treatment, and socio-economic distress.
Q5. Regarding the Balance of Payments (BoP), which of the following are included in the Current Account?
- Trade in goods and services
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Remittances from abroad
- Sovereign external debt
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A) 1, 2 and 3 only
B) 1, 3 and 4 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q5. (C)
Explanation:
- Trade in goods and services and remittances are part of the Current Account.
- FDI and external debt are recorded in the Capital/Financial Account.
Therefore, only 1 and 3 are included in the Current Account.
