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Editorials/Opinions Analysis For UPSC 04 November 2024

  1. The BRICS Summit boosts to India-Iran ties
  2. Sharing resources


Context :

  • The 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan provided a platform for India-Iran talks, marking a significant step in re-energising their ties.
  • Given Iran’s current involvement in the Gaza conflict, Iran seeks India’s support for de-escalation.

Relevance: GS 2 ( International Relations )

Practice Question: Discuss the major challenges facing India-Iran relations. What key measures can both countries take to enhance their bilateral relations? (250 words )

 

Significance of Iran for India

  • Energy Security: Iran possesses vast oil and gas reserves, crucial for India’s energy needs. Before U.S. sanctions in 2019, Iran supplied 12% of India’s crude oil.
  • Geopolitical Location: The Chabahar port offers India strategic access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan and potentially securing supply lines even during regional crises.

Strengthening Chabahar Port Cooperation :

  • India and Iran’s recent 10year operational agreement on Chabahar port reinforces India’s strategic footprint in the region.
  • The development of the Chabahar-Zahedan rail line and potential extensions to Afghanistan can enhance India’s regional influence and provide humanitarian aid routes to Afghanistan.

Energy Infrastructure Potential :

  • Resuming oil and gas imports from Iran would support India’s energy diversification.
  • The proposed Iran-Oman-India gas pipeline, under discussion since 1993, could be revitalised, which would diversify energy import routes.

Defence and Counterterrorism Cooperation :

  • Renewed cooperation, especially in drone technology, could benefit India, given Iran’s recent advances in drones and missile technology.
  • Joint counterterrorism initiatives and intelligence sharing could address mutual security concerns, particularly with the Taliban and groups operating from Pakistan.

India’s Diplomacy :

  • The country’s handling of Ukraine war dynamics, maintaining relations with Russia while engaging with the West, demonstrates a balanced approach.
  • India’s balanced diplomatic approach to handling relations with both Iran and Israel showcases its capacity for strategic autonomy.

Challenges :

  • Diplomatic sensitivities, such as Iran’s Supreme Leader’s recent statement referencing the situation of Indian Muslims in relation to Gaza, pose challenges to bilateral relations.
  • Both nations must manage such rhetoric carefully to avoid derailing progress, as India’s engagement with Iran is integral to its West Asia policy and larger strategic vision.

Way Forward

  • The BRICS summit appears to have provided the momentum needed to realise potential synergies in energy and defence, aligning with India’s broader foreign policy goals.
  • India is focused on enhancing West Asian relations, viewing Iran as a strategic partner.


Context :

  • The Palk Bay dispute has been a long-standing issue between Tamil Nadu fishermen and their Sri Lankan counterparts, primarily over fishing rights and practices.
  • Issues stem from illegal fishing practices, particularly the use of destructive bottom trawling, which adversely affects the marine ecosystem.

Relevance: GS 2 ( International Relations )

Practice Question: What is the main issue causing the dispute between Indian and Sri Lankan fishermen in Palk Bay? (150 words )

Recent Developments :

  • The India-Sri Lanka Joint Working Group on Fisheries met on October 29, signalling ongoing diplomatic engagement to resolve the dispute.
  • India’s High Commissioner emphasized the need for cooperative dialogue between fishermen from both countries to address grievances and promote mutual understanding.
  • The Sri Lankan President expressed commitment to safeguarding Sri Lanka’s fishing interests, indicating a willingness to negotiate.

Humanitarian Concerns :

  • There is a humanitarian angle to the dispute, as many Tamil Nadu fishermen have been frequently arrested for crossing the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL).
  • Reports indicate 30 incidents of arrests this year alone, with 140 fishermen and 200 boats currently detained in Sri Lanka.

Escalating Tensions :

  • Recent incidents have involved casualties on both sides, with heightened enforcement by Sri Lankan authorities against Indian fishermen.
  • The situation necessitates urgent attention to prevent escalation and further humanitarian crises.

Economic Considerations :

  • The promotion of deep-sea fishing projects initiated in 2017 for Tamil Nadu’s fishermen could alleviate some pressures by providing alternative livelihoods and reducing competition in Palk Bay.
  • Economic support schemes for fishermen in the Northern Province are vital to assist their recovery from the impacts of the civil war and to establish a more balanced fishing economy.

Need for Comprehensive Solutions :

  • A multi-faceted approach involving all stakeholders—governments, fishermen’s associations, and environmental groups—is necessary to achieve a sustainable resolution.
  • Building on the 2010 understanding between fishermen could provide a framework for future agreements, emphasising shared interests in resource conservation.

Reconciliation and Transition :

  • Tamil Nadu fishermen should be prepared for a reasonable transition period to accommodate the needs of their Sri Lankan counterparts, fostering a spirit of cooperation rather than competition.

Conclusion

  • A combination of diplomatic engagement, economic support, and a commitment to ecological sustainability is crucial to resolving the Palk Bay dispute.

Way Forward :

  • Continued Diplomatic Engagement: Both countries should maintain open lines of communication and facilitate regular dialogues to build trust.
  • Awareness and Education: Workshops and awareness campaigns can be conducted for fishermen about sustainable practices.
  • Joint Initiatives: Initiatives like joint fishing ventures or community exchanges could foster goodwill and promote a collaborative approach to fisheries management.

December 2024
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