Nov 4th 2020 Static Quiz on Environment (Functions of an Ecosystem Part2)
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Nov 4th, 2020 Static Quiz on Environment (Functions of an Ecosystem Part 2)
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- Question 1 of 10
1. Question
With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements: (UPSC 2013 Pyq)
1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other.
2. Food chains are found within the populations of a species.
3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others.Which of the statements given above is / are not correct?
CorrectAns;- b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:-
• As question asked to choose not correct i.e. b) 2 and 3 only, 1st statement is correct, 2nd statement is wrong because food chains not within the population of species it will be with other species.
• 3rd statement is wrong because it’s the Food web which illustrates the number of each organism which are eaten by each other.
Above image of Food Chain and Food Web Difference.
IncorrectAns;- b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:-
• As question asked to choose not correct i.e. b) 2 and 3 only, 1st statement is correct, 2nd statement is wrong because food chains not within the population of species it will be with other species.
• 3rd statement is wrong because it’s the Food web which illustrates the number of each organism which are eaten by each other.Above image of Food Chain and Food Web Difference.
- Question 2 of 10
2. Question
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain? (UPSC 2014 Pyq)
CorrectAns;- a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings
Explanation:-
• Food chain starts with a producer and ends with a top consumer.
• Phytoplankton are the primary producers in the oceans.They include a follows:-
1. Diatoms (unicellular algae),
2. Coccolithophores (unicellular, eukaryotic protist),
3. Cyanobacteria (Bluegreen algae)– synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, nostoc, spirogyra etc..
4. Dinoflagellates (flagellated protists).
Above attached image of different trophic levels from unicellular to multi cellular.
IncorrectAns;- a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings
Explanation:-
• Food chain starts with a producer and ends with a top consumer.
• Phytoplankton are the primary producers in the oceans.They include a follows:-
1. Diatoms (unicellular algae),
2. Coccolithophores (unicellular, eukaryotic protist),
3. Cyanobacteria (Bluegreen algae)– synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, nostoc, spirogyra etc..
4. Dinoflagellates (flagellated protists).Above attached image of different trophic levels from unicellular to multi cellular.
- Question 3 of 10
3. Question
With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is / are known as decomposer organism/organisms? (UPSC 2013 Pyq)
1. Virus
2. Fungi
3. BacteriaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below.
CorrectAns;- b) 2 and 3 Only
Explanation:-
• Fungi and Bacteria are decomposers. They breakdown organic matter into simple inorganic substances.• Virus represents dormant life. They are metabolically inactive as long as they are outside a host body. They are not decomposers. They invade host cells and use their nucleus (DNA machinery) to carry out their life processes.
• Protists are unicellular organisms, such as paramecium and euglena. They’re not decomposers either.
Above image attached about decomposers of Bacteria, Virus and Fungus.IncorrectAns;- b) 2 and 3 Only
Explanation:-
• Fungi and Bacteria are decomposers. They breakdown organic matter into simple inorganic substances.• Virus represents dormant life. They are metabolically inactive as long as they are outside a host body. They are not decomposers. They invade host cells and use their nucleus (DNA machinery) to carry out their life processes.
• Protists are unicellular organisms, such as paramecium and euglena. They’re not decomposers either.
Above image attached about decomposers of Bacteria, Virus and Fungus. - Question 4 of 10
4. Question
There is some concern regarding the nanoparticles of some chemical elements that are used by the industry in the manufacture of various products. Why? (2014 UPSC Pyq)
1. They can accumulate in the environment, and contaminate water and soil.
2. They can enter the food chains.
3. They can trigger the production of free radicals.Select the correct answer using the code given below.
CorrectAns;- d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation;-
• Nano particles because of their small size, much concern has been expressed about the potential for adverse health effects arising from the ability of nanoparticles to penetrate cell walls and the blood-brain barrier. These concerns also include possible detrimental health effects during manufacturing and transportation.
Above image attached on Nanotechnology Applications.
IncorrectAns;- d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation;-
• Nano particles because of their small size, much concern has been expressed about the potential for adverse health effects arising from the ability of nanoparticles to penetrate cell walls and the blood-brain barrier. These concerns also include possible detrimental health effects during manufacturing and transportation.Above image attached on Nanotechnology Applications.
- Question 5 of 10
5. Question
Barnacles growing on the back of whale is an example for which type of the following biotic interaction?
CorrectAns;- a) Commensalism
Explanation;-
• Mutualism is a mutually beneficial relationship between individuals of two different species. None of the two is capable of living separately. For example, nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria living in root nodules of leguminous plants.
• Commensalism is an interaction in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. For example, Barnacles are often attached to the surface of whales for shelter and obtaining more food.
Above image of Barnacles attached to humpback whale.
Above image attached more examples of Commensalism.
• In Amensalism without deriving many benefits, one organism inhibits the other by secreting allochemics. The phenomenon is called antibiosis. For example, Trichoderma checks the growth of Aspergillus.
• In parasitism, one organism called as parasite obtains nourishment and shelter from another organism called as host. e.g., Plasmodium, Trypanosoma.
• In predation, one organism called predator captures kills and eats another organism called prey. Predators are generally carnivorous but some herbivorous animals which destroy whole plants or seeds are also called as predators. e.g., Big cats like lion, tiger etc, birds feeding on seeds of plants.
• Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Commensalism’ for the above question.
Above image attached on different Biotic Interaction’s.
IncorrectAns;- a) Commensalism
Explanation;-
• Mutualism is a mutually beneficial relationship between individuals of two different species. None of the two is capable of living separately. For example, nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria living in root nodules of leguminous plants.
• Commensalism is an interaction in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. For example, Barnacles are often attached to the surface of whales for shelter and obtaining more food.
Above image of Barnacles attached to humpback whale.
Above image attached more examples of Commensalism.
• In Amensalism without deriving many benefits, one organism inhibits the other by secreting allochemics. The phenomenon is called antibiosis. For example, Trichoderma checks the growth of Aspergillus.
• In parasitism, one organism called as parasite obtains nourishment and shelter from another organism called as host. e.g., Plasmodium, Trypanosoma.
• In predation, one organism called predator captures kills and eats another organism called prey. Predators are generally carnivorous but some herbivorous animals which destroy whole plants or seeds are also called as predators. e.g., Big cats like lion, tiger etc, birds feeding on seeds of plants.
• Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Commensalism’ for the above question.
Above image attached on different Biotic Interaction’s.
- Question 6 of 10
6. Question
A group of individuals from different species living in the same habitat and exhibiting functional interactions is called ?
CorrectAns;- a) Biotic community
Explanation;-
A Biotic community, also known as a biota or ‘biocoenosis’, is the group of organisms that live together and interact with each other within an environment or habitat. Together, the biotic community and the physical landscape or abiotic factors make up an ecosystem.
Above image of biotic community forming in the encircled one by all the major spheres interaction.
IncorrectAns;- a) Biotic community
Explanation;-
A Biotic community, also known as a biota or ‘biocoenosis’, is the group of organisms that live together and interact with each other within an environment or habitat. Together, the biotic community and the physical landscape or abiotic factors make up an ecosystem.
Above image of biotic community forming in the encircled one by all the major spheres interaction.
- Question 7 of 10
7. Question
With reference to competition, which of the following are not correct?
1. In competition between two species, only one species is harmed.
2. Competition is always Intraspecific.
Select the correct answer from the following codesCorrectAns;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:-
• As question asked to choose not correct, both the statements are not correct that’s y Answer is C.
• Competition is an interaction between two populations in which both species are harmed to some extent. Competition can be interspecific and intraspecific.IncorrectAns;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:-
• As question asked to choose not correct, both the statements are not correct that’s y Answer is C.
• Competition is an interaction between two populations in which both species are harmed to some extent. Competition can be interspecific and intraspecific. - Question 8 of 10
8. Question
Consider following statements about biotic interaction between different species:
1) Commensalism – One benefits and other is unaffected.
2) Amensalism – One benefits and other is harmed.
3) Competition – Both are harmed.
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?CorrectAns;- c) 1 and 3
Explanation;-
• Statement 1 and 3 are correct , but for 2nd statement i.e. Amensalism its one species is not affected but other species is harmed. (explained in the below attached image).
• Examples of Amensalism include the shading out of one plant by a taller and wider one and the inhibition of one plant by the secretions of another (known as allelopathy).
Above image attached on different Biotic Interaction’s.
IncorrectAns;- c) 1 and 3
Explanation;-
• Statement 1 and 3 are correct , but for 2nd statement i.e. Amensalism its one species is not affected but other species is harmed. (explained in the below attached image).
• Examples of Amensalism include the shading out of one plant by a taller and wider one and the inhibition of one plant by the secretions of another (known as allelopathy).Above image attached on different Biotic Interaction’s.
- Question 9 of 10
9. Question
The phenomenon of increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain is known as:
CorrectAns;- c) Biomagnification
Explanation;-
• Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is the increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.
Above image depicts Bio Accumulation and Bio Magnification.
IncorrectAns;- c) Biomagnification
Explanation;-
• Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is the increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.Above image depicts Bio Accumulation and Bio Magnification.
- Question 10 of 10
10. Question
The Persistent organic pollutants (PoPs) are harmful for health and environment because:
1. POP are resistant to environmental degradation.
2. POP can undergo bioaccumulation.
3. POP can cause global warming.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.CorrectAns;- a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation;-
• PoPs do not cause global warming.
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment.• The international community has called for urgent global actions to reduce and eliminate releases of these chemicals, because they are :
* Highly toxic to humans and the environment.
* Persistent in the environment, resisting bio-degradation.
* Taken up and bio-accumulated in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
* Capable of long-range, transboundary atmospheric transport and deposition.
IncorrectAns;- a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation;-
• PoPs do not cause global warming.
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment.• The international community has called for urgent global actions to reduce and eliminate releases of these chemicals, because they are :
* Highly toxic to humans and the environment.
* Persistent in the environment, resisting bio-degradation.
* Taken up and bio-accumulated in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
* Capable of long-range, transboundary atmospheric transport and deposition.
