Daily Static Quiz Prelims Practice 2027
- It was founded in 1913 in San Francisco, primarily by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada.
- Lala Hardayal was one of its principal founding leaders.
- The party planned a coordinated armed uprising in Punjab in 1915, known as the Ghadar Conspiracy.
All three statements are correct. The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 at San Francisco, drawing its membership chiefly from Punjabi Sikh immigrant labourers and students along the US–Canada Pacific coast. Lala Hardayal, together with Sohan Singh Bhakna (the party's first president), was among its key founding figures. The Ghadar Conspiracy (1915) aimed to incite mutiny among Indian soldiers in Punjab, timed to exploit Britain's preoccupation with World War I — but it was betrayed by an informer (Kirpal Singh) and crushed before it could materialise.
Option (b) is correct — the Komagata Maru, a Japanese ship chartered by Baba Gurdit Singh, carried prospective Indian immigrants (mostly Sikhs, along with some Muslims and Hindus) who were refused entry into Canada under discriminatory immigration laws; on the forced return to Calcutta, a police clash at Budge Budge (September 1914) killed around twenty passengers, fuelling revolutionary sentiment and feeding directly into the Ghadar movement. Option (a) is incorrect — the ship was never intercepted off Madras or sunk. Option (c) describes the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946, a separate and much later event. Option (d) is a baseless distractor with no historical connection to the Komagata Maru.
- A. Bhagat Singh — 1. Indian Independence League and Indian National Army
- B. Rash Behari Bose — 2. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
- C. Subhas Chandra Bose — 3. Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar
- D. Barindra Kumar Ghosh — 4. Indo-Japanese cooperation and revival of the INA concept
Bhagat Singh (A-2) co-founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928 with Chandrashekhar Azad and Sukhdev. Rash Behari Bose (B-4), after fleeing to Japan following the failed Lahore Conspiracy (1912), organised Indo-Japanese cooperation and first conceived the INA concept, founding the Indian Independence League in East Asia. Subhas Chandra Bose (C-1) took over leadership of the Indian Independence League and the INA from Rash Behari Bose in 1943, reorganising it into a formidable fighting force. Barindra Kumar Ghosh (D-3), brother of Aurobindo Ghosh, was a key figure in the Anushilan Samiti and the Jugantar group in Bengal, associated with the Alipore Bomb Case (1908).
Statement 2: The bombing was intended to kill as many legislators as possible to instil terror among the British administration.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Statement 1 is correct — Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw deliberately harmless bombs and shouted "Inquilab Zindabad" inside the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929 to protest the Public Safety Bill and Trade Disputes Bill. Statement 2 is incorrect and deliberately misleading — the HSRA's explicit intent, as stated in pamphlets thrown during the act, was "to make the deaf hear," not to kill; both revolutionaries voluntarily courted arrest rather than escape, making it a symbolic political protest, not an assassination attempt. Students often incorrectly assume all revolutionary violence carried lethal intent.
Option (b) is correct — the Kakori Conspiracy (9 August 1925) involved members of the Hindustan Republican Association, including Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, and Roshan Singh, looting government treasury money from a train near Kakori, Lucknow, to finance revolutionary operations; four of the accused were subsequently executed. Option (a) describes the assassination of J.P. Saunders (1928) by Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Azad avenging Lala Lajpat Rai's death — an entirely separate event. Option (c) is a baseless distractor with no connection to Kakori. Option (d) is also incorrect — the INA emerged independently through Mohan Singh and later Rash Behari Bose in Southeast Asia, with no direct link to the Kakori Conspiracy.
