Daily Static Quiz Prelims Practice 2027
The IPCC was established in 1988 by UNEP and the WMO. It assesses existing climate science rather than conducting original research of its own.
- The Paris Agreement set a target of limiting warming to well below 2°C, with efforts to reach 1.5°C.
- The Paris Agreement's individual NDCs are legally binding on member nations.
Statement 1 is correct — the Paris Agreement set the 2°C upper limit, with efforts to keep warming towards 1.5°C. Statement 2 is incorrect, since while the Agreement itself is binding, individual NDCs are NOT legally binding — there is no enforcement mechanism for a country that misses its own targets.
Option (d) is incorrect — India's net-zero target is actually 2070, announced at COP26, not 2050, which belongs instead to the EU, USA, and UK. Options (a), (b), and (c) are all correct — India does target 50% non-fossil power capacity and a 45% cut in GDP emissions intensity by 2030, and it achieved 40% non-fossil power capacity nine years ahead of schedule.
- Assertion (A): The 1.5°C target is considered significantly more protective than 2°C, especially for small island states.
- Reason (R): At 1.5°C, sea level rise and coral reef loss are projected to be substantially less severe than at 2°C.
Assertion A is correct — small island states were the strongest advocates for the 1.5°C target, given the existential threat posed by sea-level rise. Reason R is correct and directly explains A, since the IPCC's Special Report on 1.5°C (2018) found significantly worse outcomes for coral reefs, sea levels, and extreme weather at 2°C compared to 1.5°C.
- The Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement were both negotiated under the UNFCCC framework.
- The USA ratified the Kyoto Protocol and later withdrew under the Bush administration.
- A dedicated Loss and Damage fund was established at COP27 in 2022.
- COP28 was held in Dubai, UAE in 2023.
Statement 1 is correct — both the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement were negotiated under the UNFCCC (1992). Statement 2 is incorrect, since the USA never actually ratified Kyoto — the Senate refused ratification, so there was no formal withdrawal under the Bush administration. Statement 3 is correct, as the Loss and Damage fund was established at COP27, Sharm el-Sheikh, in 2022. Statement 4 is correct, since COP28 was indeed held in Dubai in December 2023.
