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Tiger Translocation Initiative Key Elements


Context:

The Odisha government transferred a tigress named Jamuna, taken from Maharashtra’s Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, to the Odisha-based Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR). This strategic move aims to boost genetic diversity at Similipal, addressing concerns of inbreeding within the tiger population there due to its limited size.

Relevance:

GS III: Environment and Ecology

Dimensions of the Article:

  1. Tiger Translocation Initiative Key Elements
  2. About Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR)
  3. Key Facts About Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve

Tiger Translocation Initiative Key Elements

Translocation of Tigress Sundari
  • In 2018, Sundari, a tigress, was translocated to the Satkosia Tiger Reserve in Odisha under a project sanctioned by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
Pseudo-melanistic Tigers
  • The Odisha Tiger Estimation for 2024 revealed a population of 24 adult tigers in Similipal. The population consisted of a good number of pseudo-melanistic, or black tigers.
  • Satkosia Tiger Reserve (STR) is recognized as the only wild habitat of these unique black tigers.
  • An estimate of 13 pseudo-melanistic tigers out of 24 adult tigers indicate severe levels of inbreeding as well as the strong demand for genetic stratification in the future
Future Grooming Work
  • Intelligent Safari Concept: Setting up the first-ever melanistic tiger safari on the global map is on the horizon at Similipal to create a future opportunity by increasing tourism besides disseminating information about tigers being groomed for conservation work.
  • Conservation Objectives: They are one of the strategies to enhance genetic diversity while maintaining tiger populations in this region.

About Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR)

  • Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR) is a protected area located in the Mayurbhanj District in the Northernmost part of Odisha.
  • It was declared a ‘Tiger Reserve’ in 1956 and is included in the national conservation programme ‘Project Tiger’ since 1973.
Location and Terrain:
  • STR is surrounded by high plateaus and hills, with the highest peak being the twin peaks of Khairiburu and Meghashini (1515m above mean sea level).
  • The terrain is mostly undulating and hilly, interspersed with open grasslands and wooded areas.
Vegetation:
  • A mix of different forest types and habitats dominate, with Northern tropical moist deciduous dominating some semi-evergreen patches.
  • Sal is the dominant tree species here.
  • There are a staggering 1078 species of plants, including 94 species of orchids, found in STR.
Fauna:
  •  STR is home to a variety of wildlife, including the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger, Leopard, Gaur, Elephant, Langur, Barking and Spotted Deer, Sloth Bear, Mongoose, Flying Squirrel, Porcupine, Turtle, Monitor Lizard, Python, Sambar, and Pangolin.
  • The region around STR is home to a variety of tribes, including Kolha, Santhala, Bhumija, Bhatudi, Gondas, Khadia, Mankadia, and Sahara.
Other Facts:
  • The STR, along with a ‘transitional area’ of 2250 sq. km, has been included as a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO in 2009.
  • It is the only landscape in the world that is home to melanistic tigers.

Key Facts About Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve

  • It is located in Maharashtra and is the oldest and largest national park in the state.
  • Tadoba/Taru is the local deity worshipped by the tribal people in the region.
  • Andhari is derived from the Andhari river which flows through the reserve.
  • It consists of two principal lakes, Tadoba Lake and Kolsa Lake, and the Tadoba River.
Biodiversity:
  • Flora: Teak, semal, tendu, beheda, karaya gum, mahua madhuca, arjun, bamboo etc.

Fauna: Tigers, Indian leopards, sloth bears, gaurs, nilgai, dholes, small Indian civets, sambars, spotted deer, barking deer, and chital.

-Source: Hindustan Times


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