Q1. Which of the following human activities disrupt ecological homeostasis?
- Deforestation
- Industrial pollution
- Introduction of invasive species
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Answer: (d) All three
Explanation:
- All three activities disturb balance and energy/nutrient flow in ecosystems.
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding primary and secondary succession:
- Primary succession → occurs on bare rock or newly formed land.
- Secondary succession → occurs on previously inhabited areas after disturbance.
(a) Both correct
(b) Both incorrect
(c) Only 1 correct
(d) Only 2 correct
Answer: (a) Both correct
Explanation:
- Primary → starts from scratch; secondary → follows disturbance like fire, farming.
Q3. Which of the following are abiotic components influencing succession?
- Soil nutrients
- Temperature
- Rainfall
- Plant species
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) All four
Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
- Abiotic → soil, temperature, rainfall; plant species = biotic factor.
Q4. Consider the statements regarding ecosystem productivity:
- Gross primary productivity (GPP) → total photosynthetic production.
- Net primary productivity (NPP) → GPP minus plant respiration.
(a) Both correct
(b) Both incorrect
(c) Only 1 correct
(d) Only 2 correct
Answer: (a) Both correct
Explanation:
- NPP = energy available to herbivores and higher trophic levels.
Q5. Which of the following is true regarding biogeochemical cycles?
- Water cycle includes evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
- Sulfur cycle includes atmospheric and lithospheric components.
- Oxygen cycle is linked to photosynthesis and respiration.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Answer: (d) All three
Explanation:
- All three cycles are fundamental for ecosystem functioning and nutrient flow.
