Q1. The “Red Data Book” is published by:
A) IUCN
B) UNEP
C) WWF
D) MoEFCC India
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The IUCN publishes the global Red Data Book/Red List, not any national government.
Q2. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of atmospheric layers starting from the Earth’s surface?
A) Troposphere → Stratosphere → Mesosphere → Thermosphere → Exosphere
B) Stratosphere → Troposphere → Mesosphere → Thermosphere → Exosphere
C) Troposphere → Mesosphere → Stratosphere → Thermosphere → Exosphere
D) Troposphere → Stratosphere → Thermosphere → Mesosphere → Exosphere
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The correct vertical order is Troposphere → Stratosphere → Mesosphere → Thermosphere → Exosphere.
Q3. The phenomenon of “Temperature Inversion” in the troposphere is a prerequisite for:
A) Formation of smog
B) Occurrence of acid rain
C) Depletion of ozone layer
D) Greenhouse effect
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Temperature inversion traps pollutants near the surface, leading to photochemical smog formation.
Q4. Which of the following is NOT a criteria air pollutant under the original U.S. Clean Air Act (and also under India’s NAAQS)?
A) Sulphur dioxide
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Lead
D) Mercury
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Mercury is a hazardous air pollutant, not a criteria pollutant like SO₂, CO, NO₂, PM, O₃, or Pb.
Q5. The “Edge Effect” is most prominently observed in which type of ecosystem?
A) Large contiguous tropical rainforest
B) Islands
C) Grasslands
D) Deep ocean floors
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Edge effects intensify in small fragmented habitats, altering microclimate, species composition, and invasion risk.
