Q1. Human-rating of a launch vehicle primarily aims to ensure:
a) Maximum payload-to-orbit capability
b) Acceptable risk levels for crew safety
c) Reduced launch costs
d) Higher thrust-to-weight ratio
Correct Answer : b
Explanation:
Human-rating is a safety-centric certification process. Its core objective is to ensure that the probability of catastrophic loss of crew is within an acceptable risk threshold. Agencies like NASA define this threshold as around 1 in 500 for ascent/descent.
It prioritises crew survivability, not performance optimisation, cost reduction, or payload maximisation.
Q2.A narco test primarily involves the administration of which type of substance?
a) Barbiturates such as Sodium Pentothal
b) Hallucinogens such as LSD
c) Opioids such as Morphine
d) Stimulants such as Amphetamine
Correct Answer : a
Explanation:
Narco-analysis uses barbiturates (commonly Sodium Pentothal) to induce a sedated, trance-like state in which inhibition and reasoning ability reduce. These drugs slow brain activity, enabling investigators to obtain suppressed information.
Other substances listed do not have the controlled sedative properties required for narco testing.
Q3. Under Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), which conditions must be satisfied before conducting narco-analysis?
- Free, voluntary and informed consent
- Consent recorded before a judicial magistrate
- Presence of medical and legal safeguards
- Assurance that results will be admissible as confession
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Correct Answer :d
Explanation:
Selvi (2010) established strict constitutional conditions for narco tests:
- Voluntary, informed consent is mandatory.
- Consent must be overseen and recorded by a Judicial Magistrate, ensuring no coercion.
- The test must include medical and legal safeguards for health, privacy, and dignity.
Crucially, the Court held that narco results cannot be treated as confessions and are at best investigational leads. Hence statement 4 is incorrect.
Q4.Why has Nasscom opposed parts of the DPIIT proposal?
- It reverses the burden of proof onto AI developers
- Proving non-use of copyrighted content is technically infeasible
- Blanket licensing may raise entry barriers for smaller firms
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer : d
Explanation:
Nasscom’s objections stem from operational and legal concerns:
- The framework shifts the burden of proof from copyright owners to AI developers—an inversion of standard copyright practice.
- Because AI models use probabilistic training, proving non-use of specific content is nearly impossible.
- Mandatory royalty payments under blanket licensing could increase compliance costs, harming startups and SMEs.
Thus, all three statements are valid.
Q5.Which organ has the largest waiting list in India?
a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Heart
d) Lung
Correct Answer : b
Explanation:
India faces the largest transplantation gap in kidney cases, with around 65,000+ patients on the waitlist. Low cadaveric donation, limited ICU capacity, high cost, and poor public awareness contribute to this chronic shortage. Other organs have far smaller registries.
