Q1. With reference to space biotechnology, consider the following statements:
- It studies biological systems under microgravity and cosmic radiation.
- Protein crystallisation experiments in space support drug discovery on Earth.
- Its applications are limited only to astronaut health and have no terrestrial spillovers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
Explanation: Space biotechnology research (e.g., on ISS) has clear terrestrial spillovers such as improved protein crystallisation for drug development; it is not limited to astronaut health.
Q2. The term “Kaudinya”, after whom a traditional Indian vessel is named, is associated with:
A. A Gupta-period admiral who defeated Roman fleets
B. An ancient Indian mariner linked to early trade and cultural diffusion
C. A medieval Arab navigator mentioned in Persian chronicles
D. A Chola-period naval commander
Answer: B
Explanation: Kaudinya is associated with early Indian maritime trade and cultural diffusion across the Indian Ocean.
Q3. With reference to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), consider the following statements:
- It can take suo motu cognisance of environmental violations based on media reports.
- It was established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
- It applies the Polluter Pays and Precautionary principles while adjudicating cases.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
Explanation: NGT has suo motu powers and applies core environmental principles. It was established under the NGT Act, 2010, not the EPA, 1986.
Q4. With reference to the Malayalam Language Bill, 2025, consider the following statements:
- It makes Malayalam the sole official language of Kerala.
- It mandates the use of Malayalam in government administration, judiciary, and digital governance.
- It requires all private unaided schools in Kerala to adopt Malayalam as the first language up to Class 10.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
Explanation: The Bill mandates Malayalam across administration, judiciary, and digital governance but does not make it the sole official language and does not mandatorily apply to unaided private schools.
Q5. Which one of the following organisations is the apex research body for inland fisheries that conducted the Ganga fish diversity survey?
A. Zoological Survey of India
B. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute
C. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources
D. Wildlife Institute of India
Answer: B
Explanation: The survey was conducted by ICAR–Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI).
