Q1. With reference to the jurisdiction of Human Rights Commissions (HRCs) in India, consider the following statements:
- Human Rights Commissions can adjudicate disputes arising purely between private individuals.
- Human Rights Commissions can inquire into violations involving negligence by public servants.
- Human Rights Commissions can exercise powers equivalent to civil courts in property disputes.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. Only One
B. Only Two
C. All Three
D. None
Answer: A. Only One
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: HRCs deal with State-related human rights violations, not disputes purely between private individuals.
- Statement 2 is correct: Negligence by public servants falls within the jurisdiction of HRCs under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: HRCs are not civil courts and cannot adjudicate inheritance, property, or family disputes.
Q2. With reference to the recent medical evacuation from the International Space Station (ISS), consider the following statements:
- It was the first medical evacuation in the history of NASA’s ISS operations.
- The evacuation was carried out using a Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
- The astronaut’s medical condition was publicly disclosed after landing.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. Only One
B. Only Two
C. All Three
D. None
Answer: A. Only One
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: This was the first-ever medical evacuation from the ISS in NASA’s operational history.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The evacuation was conducted using a SpaceX Crew capsule, not a Russian Soyuz.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: The astronaut’s medical condition was not disclosed, respecting medical confidentiality.
Q3.
Assertion (A): The Supreme Court held Tiger Global’s capital gains taxable in India.
Reason (R): Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements override domestic anti-avoidance laws in all cases.
Select the correct answer:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Answer: C. A is true but R is false
Explanation:
- The assertion is correct: The Supreme Court upheld the taxability of Tiger Global’s capital gains in India.
- The reason is incorrect: DTAAs do not protect abusive or sham arrangements; domestic anti-avoidance provisions such as GAAR can override treaty benefits.
Q4. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is particularly valuable for defence surveillance because it:
A. Requires sunlight for imaging
B. Is limited to daytime operations
C. Enables all-weather observation
D. Is restricted to low-resolution imaging
Answer: C. Enables all-weather observation
Explanation:
SAR can operate day and night and can penetrate clouds, smoke, and fog, making it highly effective for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR).
Q5. Consider the following factors that make deepfake detection increasingly difficult:
- Stable facial micro-expressions
- Real-time video synthesis
- Dependence on obvious pixel-level artefacts
- Integration of multiple AI systems
How many of the above are correct?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All four
Answer: C. Only three
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: Modern AI models generate realistic and stable facial micro-expressions.
- Statement 2 is correct: Real-time synthesis makes post-event forensic detection difficult.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: Detection earlier relied on pixel-level artefacts, but these are no longer reliable indicators.
- Statement 4 is correct: Integration of language, vision, and voice models creates end-to-end synthetic personalities.
