Q1. Digital Arrest Scams
Which statement best differentiates digital arrest scams from traditional financial frauds?
(a) Digital arrest scams exploit authority fear, not monetary greed.
(b) They require sophisticated hacking infrastructure.
(c) They operate primarily on dark web channels.
(d) They involve physical impersonation of police officers.
Correct Answer: (a)
Explanation:
- Traditional scams exploit greed (lottery, job, investment).
- Digital arrest scams exploit fear of authority — threatening arrest unless payment is made immediately.
Q2. HAL Nashik Expansion
Consider the following statements about the recent HAL Nashik expansion:
- The newly inaugurated HAL Nashik line is the fourth production line for the LCA Tejas Mk1A.
- The same Nashik facility now also hosts a second production line for the HTT-40 basic trainer aircraft.
- With this expansion, HAL’s total LCA Mk1A production capacity has reached 24 aircraft per year.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Correct Answer: (b) Only two
Explanation:
- 1 – Incorrect: The Nashik line is the third, not fourth, Tejas Mk1A line.
- 2 – Correct: HTT-40’s second production line was established at Nashik.
- 3 – Correct: Total LCA Mk1A capacity = 24 aircraft/year (8 × 3 lines).
Q3. Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotavac)
Consider the following statements about Rotavac, India’s indigenous Rotavirus vaccine:
- It is an oral vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
- It is part of the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).
- The recommended schedule for Rotavac is 6, 10, and 14 weeks.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Correct Answer: (c) All three
Explanation:
- All statements correct.
- Rotavac is an oral, indigenous vaccine developed through a public–private partnership and given free under UIP at 6, 10, and 14 weeks.
Q4. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
With reference to Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), consider the following statements:
- ORS works through osmosis, where glucose and electrolytes enhance water absorption in the intestines.
- Improper sugar-salt ratio in an ORS substitute can worsen dehydration.
- ORS was discovered by Dr. Dilip Mahalanabis, who pioneered its use during the 1971 Bangladesh war.
- All beverages with the term “ORS” can be sold in India if they carry a disclaimer.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only two
(b) Only three
(c) All four
(d) None
Correct Answer: (b) Only three
Explanation:
- 1 – Correct: ORS enables rapid rehydration via osmosis.
- 2 – Correct: Wrong ratios can worsen diarrhoea by drawing water out of cells.
- 3 – Correct: Dr. Mahalanabis popularised ORS during 1971 war relief operations.
- 4 – Incorrect: FSSAI (Oct 2025) banned use of the term ‘ORS’ on all beverages, even with disclaimers.
Q5. Springs in India
With reference to the distribution and importance of springs in India, consider the following statements:
- Springs are confined only to the Himalayan region.
- The Aravalli and Western Ghats also have significant spring systems.
- Springs contribute to groundwater recharge in downstream plains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Correct Answer: (b) Only two
Explanation:
- 1 – Incorrect: Springs occur in Himalayas, Aravallis, Western & Eastern Ghats, and NE hills.
- 2 – Correct: Both Ghats and Aravallis host perennial and seasonal springs.
- 3 – Correct: Mountain springs maintain base flow and aid groundwater recharge downstream.
