Q1. With reference to the Delimitation Commission in India, consider the following statements:
- It is a constitutional body established under Article 324.
- Its orders have the force of law and cannot be challenged in court.
- It is appointed by the President of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q1. (B)
Explanation:
- Statement 1 incorrect → Delimitation Commission is a statutory body (Delimitation Act), unlike Election Commission (Art 324).
- Statement 2 correct → Its orders have force of law and are not subject to judicial review, ensuring finality and avoiding electoral uncertainty.
- Statement 3 correct → Appointed by the President, typically comprising a Supreme Court judge, Election Commissioner, and State ECs.
Q2.
Assertion (A): The decline in RTI rejection rate to 3.26% in 2024–25 indicates improved transparency in governance.
Reason (R): Increased proactive disclosure under Section 4 of RTI Act reduces the need to reject RTI applications.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is correct but R is incorrect
D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Q2. (A)
Explanation:
- Assertion correct → Lower rejection rate reflects greater administrative responsiveness and openness.
- Reason correct → Section 4 mandates suo motu disclosure, reducing unnecessary RTI filings and hence fewer rejections.
- Direct linkage → Better proactive disclosure structurally reduces rejection rates, making R the correct explanation.
Q3. Consider the following pairs:
| Force | Primary Role |
| 1. BSF | Guarding India–Pakistan and India–Bangladesh borders |
| 2. ITBP | Guarding Indo–China border |
| 3. Assam Rifles | Guarding Indo–Myanmar border |
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q3. (D)
Explanation:
- All pairs correct →
- BSF → Western & Eastern borders
- ITBP → Himalayan frontier (China border)
- Assam Rifles → Indo-Myanmar border (~1,643 km) + counter-insurgency
- Key trap → Assam Rifles often confused with BSF; its mandate is Northeast-specific + dual control (MHA + Army).
Q4. With reference to the Prime Minister of India, consider the following statements:
- The Prime Minister is the real executive authority under the Constitution.
- The tenure of the Prime Minister is fixed at five years.
- The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
- The Prime Minister must necessarily be a member of the Lok Sabha.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1, 3 and 4 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2 and 3 only
Q4. (A)
Explanation:
- Statement 1 correct → PM is de facto executive (Art 74–75); President is nominal head.
- Statement 2 incorrect → No fixed tenure; depends on majority support in Lok Sabha (Art 75(3)).
- Statement 3 correct → Collective responsibility is the core of parliamentary system.
- Statement 4 incorrect → PM can be from Rajya Sabha, but must become MP within 6 months.
Q5. Consider the following statements:
- Phenological mismatch refers to disruption between species’ biological cycles and environmental timing.
- It is a key threat to migratory birds due to climate change.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Q5. (C)
Explanation:
- Statement 1 correct → Refers to timing mismatch (e.g., breeding vs food availability).
- Statement 2 correct → Climate change shifts seasonal cycles, but migration timing may remain fixed.
- Example → Arctic warming causes early insect emergence, but bird arrival remains unchanged → food scarcity for chicks, reducing survival rates.
