Q1. With reference to Contempt of Court in India, consider the following statements:
- The power of the Supreme Court to punish for contempt is derived solely from the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971.
- High Courts derive their contempt power from the Constitution.
- Parliament can abridge the contempt power of the Supreme Court by legislation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 – Incorrect
The Supreme Court derives its contempt power from Article 129 (Court of Record). The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 regulates procedure but does not create the power. - Statement 2 – Correct
High Courts derive contempt powers under Article 215 of the Constitution. - Statement 3 – Incorrect
Parliament may regulate contempt law but cannot abridge constitutional powers of a Court of Record. This flows from judicial independence (Basic Structure doctrine).
Q2. In the context of Artificial Intelligence, the term “LLM” stands for:
A) Low-Level Machine
B) Large Language Model
C) Logical Language Model
D) Linked Learning Matrix
Answer: B
Explanation:
- LLM = Large Language Model
- These are deep learning models (typically transformer-based) trained on massive text corpora.
- Used for NLP tasks: translation, summarisation, coding, dialogue systems.
Q3. Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between GDP and GVA at market prices?
A) GDP = GVA – subsidies
B) GDP = GVA + subsidies – taxes
C) GDP = GVA + product taxes – product subsidies
D) GDP = GVA + factor income from abroad
Answer: C
Explanation:
Formula at market prices:
GDP = GVA + Product Taxes – Product Subsidies
- GVA measures value added at basic prices.
- GDP adjusts GVA by adding indirect taxes and subtracting subsidies.
Q4. The Durand Line, frequently seen in news, separates which two countries?
A) India and Afghanistan
B) Pakistan and Afghanistan
C) Iran and Afghanistan
D) Pakistan and Iran
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Drawn in 1893 between Sir Mortimer Durand (British India) and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan (Afghanistan).
- Approx. 2,640 km long.
- Afghanistan has historically not formally recognised it as a permanent international boundary.
Q5. Consider the following statements regarding behavioural ecology of macaques:
- Cultural transmission has been observed among Japanese macaques.
- Group cohesion enhances predator avoidance and resource defence.
- Hierarchies increase frequency of violent conflict in troops.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Statement 1 – Correct
Example: Japanese macaques learned and transmitted potato-washing behaviour. - Statement 2 – Correct
Social groups improve survival through:- Predator detection
- Cooperative defence
- Resource sharing
- Statement 3 – Incorrect
Hierarchies reduce continuous violent conflict by stabilising rank order and expectations.
