What is MASLD?
- Full form: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (formerly NAFLD).
- Nature: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease linked to metabolic issues and lifestyle.
- Silent condition: Often asymptomatic until liver damage becomes severe.
Relevance : GS 2(Social Issues,Health )
Prevalence & Risk
- Global incidence: ~30%
- India: ~40% population affected; 53% remain undiagnosed.
- High-risk groups:
- People with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance
- Those with hypertension, high cholesterol, elevated liver enzymes
- Family history of heart/liver disease
Symptoms & Progression
- Early symptoms: Fatigue, mild abdominal pain (often ignored).
- Disease timeline (if untreated):
- 15% may develop steatohepatitis (inflammation) in ~7 years.
- 5% may progress to cirrhosis in ~25 years.
- Small % may develop liver cancer.
Diagnosis & Screening
- Recommended tools:
- Blood tests, liver enzymes
- Ultrasound every 6 months
- FibroScan every 1–3 years (non-invasive liver stiffness test)
- Why screening matters: Early detection helps prevent complications and reduce long-term health burden.
Diet: Cause and Cure
- Contributing factors: Overeating, poor-quality diet, inactivity.
- Reversal strategies:
- Calorie deficit and portion control
- Protein-rich, low-carb diet
- Avoid sugary, ultra-processed foods
- Adequate hydration and sleep
Lifestyle Modifications
- Exercise: Brisk walking, cycling, jogging, swimming
- Minimum 12 weeks of consistency needed for visible benefits
- Avoid: Smoking, alcohol
- Fasting: Intermittent fasting can help but should be doctor-supervised, especially with co-morbidities
Expert Advice
- Weight management is key.
- Lifestyle is the best medicine.
- Customisation is critical – No one-size-fits-all approach.
