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PIB Summaries 05 June 2025

  1. Population Census-2027 to be conducted in two phases along with enumeration of castes
  2. CAQM Mandates Cleaner Mobility for Aggregators and E-Commerce Entities Across NCR


Population Census-2027: Key Highlights

  • Will be conducted in two phases, similar to earlier census models.
  • Caste enumeration to be carried out alongside the population census – a notable inclusion, given long-standing debates on caste data.

Relevance : GS 2(Governance , Social Issues)

Reference Dates

  • For most of India:
    • 00:00 hours, 1st March 2027
  • For snow-bound/non-synchronous areas:
    • 00:00 hours, 1st October 2026
    • Includes Ladakh, J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand

Legal Framework

  • Census conducted under:
    • Census Act, 1948
    • Census Rules, 1990
  • Notification for intent to conduct census (with reference dates) to be published in Official Gazette on 16 June 2025 (tentative).
  • Legal provision used: Section 3 of the Census Act, 1948

Historical Context

  • Last completed Census: 2011
    • Phase I: House Listing (Apr–Sep 2010)
    • Phase II: Population Enumeration (Feb 9–28, 2011)
    • Reference Date: 1st March 2011, with exceptions for snow-bound areas (1st Oct 2010).
  • Census 2021 was planned similarly, but:
    • Postponed due to COVID-19
    • Fieldwork was scheduled to begin from April 1, 2020

Significance of Caste Enumeration

  • Marks a major policy shift – caste enumeration was previously limited to SECC (Socio-Economic and Caste Census), last done in 2011.
  • Will provide updated caste data for social welfare and affirmative action policies.
  • Could influence:
    • Reservation policy reforms
    • Targeted development programs
    • Data-backed policy planning

Administrative & Policy Implications

  • Requires massive logistical preparation – digital tools and trained manpower may be deployed.
  • Can help in better socio-economic planning post-pandemic.
  • Could reopen debates on caste-based reservation and resource allocation.


Context: Air Pollution from Transport Sector

  • Transport sector is a major year-round contributor to air pollution in Delhi-NCR, with a worsening impact in winters.
  • Commercial vehicles are particularly polluting due to:
    • High mileage
    • Overloading
    • Poor maintenance


Relevance : GS 3(Environment and Ecology)

Push for E-Mobility in Commercial Services

  • Delhi has already notified the Delhi Motor Vehicle Aggregator and Delivery Service Provider Scheme, 2023 for:
    • Licensing of aggregators in passenger and goods transport, including e-commerce deliveries.
    • Promoting e-mobility among commercial fleets in the capital.

Expansion to Wider NCR

  • Other NCR StatesHaryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan – directed to frame similar policies for:
    • Motor Vehicle Aggregators
    • Delivery Services
    • E-Commerce Platforms
  • Focus cities: Gurugram, Faridabad, Sonipat, Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad (all High Vehicle Density areas with high pollution load).

CAQM Mandates (Effective 1st Jan 2026)

  • Only CNG/Electric 3-Wheelers to be newly inducted in aggregator/delivery fleets.
  • No new petrol/diesel:
    • 2-Wheelers
    • 4-Wheeler Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs)
    • 4-Wheeler Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) under N1 category (up to 3.5 tonnes) to be added.
  • Existing ICE vehicles can continue operations.

Compliance & Monitoring

  • NCR states must:
    • Ensure strict compliance among all Aggregators/Delivery/E-Commerce entities.
    • Create dedicated web portals for monitoring (similar to the one already developed by Delhi).
    • Ensure wide publicity and awareness campaigns.

Significance

  • Aims to reduce vehicular emissions, particularly in high-traffic urban corridors.
  • Supports broader goals of National Electric Mobility Mission and air quality improvement under CAQM mandate.
  • Could set a national precedent for clean commercial mobility in urban India.

June 2025
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