Content
- DECLINE IN LEFT-WING EXTREMISM
- ATMANIRBHAR OIL SEEDS ABHIYAN
DECLINE IN LEFT-WING EXTREMISM
- Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) in India, once a major internal security threat, has seen a dramatic decline due to a comprehensive security-development strategy initiated under the 2015 National Policy and Action Plan.
- With coordinated efforts between the Centre and States, incidents of LWE violence have dropped by over 80%, and the number of affected districts has shrunk from 126 in 2013 to just 18 in 2025.
Relevance : GS 3(Internal Security)
Policy & Strategic Framework
- National Policy and Action Plan (2015): A multi-pronged strategy combining security, development, and safeguarding community rights.
- Constitutional Context: Law & order is a State subject (Seventh Schedule), but the Centre supplements State efforts significantly.
- Focus Areas:
- Security reinforcement
- Development interventions
- Community engagement and entitlements
Security Measures
- Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme (2014–2025):
- Total funds released: ₹3,357 crore
- To Jharkhand alone: ₹830.75 crore
- Covers operational costs, ex-gratia payments, and rehabilitation of surrendered cadres.
- Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS):
- Sanctioned Works: ₹1,740 crore
- For Jharkhand: ₹439.45 crore
- Covers strengthening of State Intelligence Branches, Special Forces, District Police, and 71 Fortified Police Stations (FPS).
- Security Outcomes:
- LWE-related violence incidents: Reduced by 81% since 2010.
- Civilian/Security force deaths: Declined by 85% till 2024.
- LWE-affected districts: Down from 126 (2013) to 18 (2025).
Infrastructure Development
- Road Connectivity:
- Sanctioned: 17,589 km (Jharkhand: 3,168 km)
- Constructed: 14,902 km (Jharkhand: 2,925 km)
- Implemented via Road Requirement Plan (RRP) and RCPLWEA.
- Telecom Connectivity:
- Towers planned: 10,644 (Jharkhand: 1,755)
- Towers commissioned: 8,640 (Jharkhand: 1,589)
Skill Development & Education
- Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs):
- Approved: 48 | Functional: 46
- Jharkhand: 16 functional ITIs
- Skill Development Centres (SDCs):
- Approved: 61 | Functional: 49
- Jharkhand: 20 operational SDCs
- Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS):
- Sanctioned: 258 | Functional: 179
- Jharkhand: 47 operational schools
Financial Inclusion
- Post Offices with Banking Services:
- Total: 5,899 | Jharkhand: 1,240
- Bank Branches in LWE districts:
- Total: 1,007 | Jharkhand: 349
- ATMs installed:
- Total: 937 | Jharkhand: 352
Special Central Assistance (SCA)
- SCA Scheme since 2017:
- Total funds released: ₹3,769 crore
- To Jharkhand: ₹1,439.33 crore
- Purpose: Bridge critical infrastructure gaps in Most LWE-Affected Districts.
Surrender & Rehabilitation Initiatives
- Central Support to State Policies:
- Reimbursement of rehabilitation costs.
- Grant for surrender:
- ₹5 lakh for senior LWE cadre
- ₹2.5 lakh for lower cadre
- Incentives for weapon surrender
- Vocational training support: ₹10,000/month for 3 years
- Jharkhand Data (Jan 2024 – Jul 15, 2025):
- Violent incidents: 103
- LWE cadres neutralized: 25
- Arrested: 276
- Surrendered: 32
Decline in Jharkhand
- Violent incidents:
- 2009: 742 incidents
- 2024: 69 incidents (92% decline)
- LWE-affected districts:
- Reduced from 21 (2013) to just 2 (2025)
- 7 districts categorized as “Legacy & Thrust” districts for ongoing attention
Impact and Conclusion
- Violence and geographic spread of LWE have sharply contracted, with a sustained decline in affected districts and incidents.
- Comprehensive state-building measures—security, connectivity, education, skill-building, and inclusion—have created an enabling environment for governance and growth.
- The Jharkhand model, with significant decline in violence and heavy developmental investments, serves as a case study for counterinsurgency-led development.
- The Centre–State collaborative framework has proved effective in neutralizing extremism while strengthening institutions and uplifting vulnerable populations.
ATMANIRBHAR OIL SEEDS ABHIYAN
Core Objective
- Achieve Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) in edible oil production by increasing domestic oilseed production and processing efficiency.
- Targeting both primary oilseed crops and secondary sources (tree-borne oilseeds, rice bran, cottonseed, etc.).
Relevance : GS 3(Agriculture)
Targeted Oilseed Crops
- Primary crops (9): Groundnut, Soybean, Mustard, Sunflower, Sesame, Safflower, Niger, Linseed, Castor.
- Secondary sources: Cottonseed, Coconut, Rice Bran, Tree-Borne Oilseeds (TBOs).
Research & Innovation (ICAR Initiatives)
- 5 All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs): For location-specific high-yielding varieties.
- 2 Flagship Projects: Focused on hybrid development and gene editing for climate-resilient varieties.
➤ Outcomes (2014–2025):
- 432 High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) released:
- Rapeseed-Mustard: 104
- Soybean: 95
- Groundnut: 69
- Linseed: 53
- Sesame: 34
- Safflower: 25
- Sunflower: 24
- Castor: 15
- Niger: 13
- Focus on Varietal Replacement Rate (VRR) and Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) to promote new varieties.
Seed Supply Ecosystem
- Breeder Seed Production (2019–20 to 2023–24):
- 1,53,704 quintals of breeder seed produced.
- Supplied to public/private agencies for certified seed production.
- District-level Seed Hubs: Ensure availability of quality seeds to farmers.
Cluster-Based Approach
- 600+ Value Chain Clusters across India.
- Coverage: Over 10 lakh hectares annually.
- Managed by: FPOs, cooperatives, private Value Chain Partners (VCPs).
➤ Support Provided to Farmers:
- Free high-quality seeds.
- Training in Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs).
- Weather & pest advisory services.
- Post-harvest infrastructure for oil extraction and recovery.
Technology Transfer & Awareness
- Demonstration Types:
- Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) – ICAR
- Cluster Frontline Demonstrations (CFLDs) – KVKs
- Block Demonstrations – State Agriculture Departments
- Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaigns:
- Promoting healthy oil consumption patterns.
Insurance & Risk Management (PMFBY 2024–25)
- Extensive coverage of oilseed crops across 16 states/UTs under Kharif and Rabi seasons.
- Key crops insured: Mustard, Soybean, Groundnut, Sesame, Sunflower, Linseed, Niger, Safflower, Castor.
- Enables financial security for oilseed farmers.
Strategic Importance
- India imports over 60% of its edible oil needs (~14-15 million tonnes/year).
- Edible oil import bill in 2023–24: USD 20 billion+.
- NMEO-OS aims to reduce import dependence, ensure price stability, and promote nutritional security.
Challenges to Address
- Low productivity of oilseeds compared to global averages.
- Fragmented supply chains and poor oil recovery rates.
- Climate vulnerability impacting oilseed yield stability.
- Need for better infrastructure in processing and storage.
Way Forward
- Enhance private sector participation in seed production, processing.
- Invest in cold-pressed oil extraction and organic oilseed farming.
- Integrate oilseed promotion with nutrition-focused programs (like POSHAN Abhiyan).
- Link clusters with e-NAM and export markets for value realization.
