Q1. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
| Physiographic Feature | Characteristic |
| 1. Bhabar | Pebble-strewn, porous belt |
| 2. Terai | Marshy zone with high groundwater |
| 3. Bangar | New alluvium, flood-prone |
| 4. Khadar | Old alluvium, less fertile |
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
- Bhabar: Porous belt with pebbles — correct.
- Terai: Marshy, water-logged zone — correct.
- Bangar: Old alluvium, not flood-prone — statement 3 incorrect.
- Khadar: New alluvium, highly fertile — statement 4 incorrect.
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding Indian monsoon:
- Southwest monsoon originates due to differential heating of land and sea.
- Coriolis force has no role in monsoon wind direction.
- El Niño generally weakens Indian monsoon rainfall.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
- Differential heating drives monsoon circulation — correct.
- Coriolis force does affect wind direction — statement 2 incorrect.
- El Niño weakens monsoon via Walker circulation disruption — correct.
Q3. Which of the following rivers form an estuary rather than a delta?
- Narmada
- Tapi
- Godavari
- Mahanadi
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
- Narmada & Tapi: Flow through rift valleys, form estuaries.
- Godavari & Mahanadi: Large sediment load → delta formation.
Q4. With reference to tropical cyclones, consider the following statements:
- They generally form between 5°–20° latitude.
- Coriolis force is essential for their formation.
- They can form over land surfaces.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
- Formation zone: 5°–20° latitude — correct.
- Coriolis force needed for cyclonic rotation — correct.
- Require warm ocean waters; cannot originate over land — statement 3 incorrect.
Q5. Which of the following factors influence soil formation in India?
- Parent material
- Climate
- Relief
- Time
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 2 and 4 only
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
- Soil formation follows Dokuchaev’s factors: parent material, climate, relief, organisms, and time.
- All four listed factors directly influence Indian soil types.
