Q1. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act is NOT applicable to which of the following areas?
- Scheduled Areas under Fifth Schedule
- Tribal Areas under Sixth Schedule
- Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Article 243M explicitly exempts Fifth Schedule areas, Sixth Schedule areas, and areas under special laws like DGHC (now GTA) and later Ladakh from Part IX (Panchayats).
Q2. Which of the following Fundamental Duties was/were added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002?
A) To abide by the Constitution
B) To provide opportunities for education to children aged 6–14 years
C) To protect and improve the natural environment
D) To develop scientific temper
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 86th Amendment added Article 21A (Right to Education) and inserted clause (k) in Article 51A: duty of parents/guardians to provide education to children aged 6–14.
Q3. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that “Parliament cannot destroy the basic structure through constitutional amendments”?
A) Shankari Prasad Case(1951)
B) Sajjan Singh Case(1965)
C) Indira Nehru Gandhi Case (1975)
D) Waman Rao Case(1981)
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 1975 case (during Emergency) applied Kesavananda doctrine to strike down Clause (4) and (5) of Article 368 added by the 42nd Amendment, which sought to bar judicial review.
Q4. Which Schedule of the Constitution contains provisions regarding disqualification on grounds of defection?
A) Eighth Schedule
B) Ninth Schedule
C) Tenth Schedule
D) Eleventh Schedule
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Tenth Schedule (added by 52nd Amendment, 1985) contains the Anti-Defection Law.
Q5. The concept of “Procedure Established by Law” in Article 21 was borrowed from which country’s Constitution?
A) United States of America
B) United Kingdom
C) Japan
D) Ireland
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Article 31 of the Japanese Constitution (1947) uses the phrase “procedure established by law”. It was changed to “due process” interpretation in Maneka Gandhi (1978).
