Q1. Consider the following statements about the Indian National Congress (INC):
- INC was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume.
- The first session of INC was held in Bombay.
- W.C. Bonnerjee was the first President of INC.
How many statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Answer: (c) All three
Explanation:
- INC founded in 1885 with initiative of A.O. Hume, supported by Indian leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji.
- First session held in Bombay (Dec 1885) at Gokuldas Tejpal College; attended by 72 delegates.
- W.C. Bonnerjee was first President.
- Early Congress (Moderate phase) focused on petitions, civil rights, and representation in government.
Q2. Consider the following regarding the Swadeshi Movement:
- It started after the partition of Bengal.
- It promoted boycott of foreign goods.
- It supported constitutional agitation only.
How many are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Answer: (b) Only two
Explanation:
- Began in 1905 against Lord Curzon’s Bengal Partition, seen as divide-and-rule.
- Methods: boycott of British goods, promotion of Indian industries, national education.
- Movement also used passive resistance, picketing, and mass protests, not just constitutional agitation.
- Leaders: Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai.
Q3. Which of the following leaders is correctly matched with movements?
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak — Home Rule Movement
- Mahatma Gandhi — Champaran Satyagraha
- Annie Besant — Khilafat Movement
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
- Tilak started Home Rule League (1916, Poona) demanding self-government.
- Gandhi’s Champaran Satyagraha (1917) addressed indigo farmers’ exploitation (tinkathia system).
- Khilafat Movement led by Ali brothers; Gandhi supported it for Hindu–Muslim unity. Annie Besant was linked to Home Rule.
Q4. Consider the following statements about the Non-Cooperation Movement:
- It was launched in 1920.
- It ended after the Chauri Chaura incident.
- It demanded complete independence.
How many are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Answer: (b) Only two
Explanation:
- Launched in 1920 under Gandhi; supported at Nagpur Congress Session.
- Causes: Rowlatt Act (1919), Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Khilafat issue.
- Programme: boycott of schools, courts, foreign cloth, titles.
- Withdrawn in 1922 after Chauri Chaura violence to maintain non-violence.
- Demand was Swaraj, not Purna Swaraj (declared in 1929).
Q5. Which of the following events came first?
(a) Civil Disobedience Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Home Rule Movement
Answer: (d) Home Rule Movement
Explanation:
Correct order:
- 1916 – Home Rule Movement (Tilak & Besant)
- 1920–22 – Non-Cooperation Movement
- 1930–34 – Civil Disobedience (Salt Satyagraha)
- 1942 – Quit India Movement
- Shows gradual shift from constitutional demands to mass civil disobedience.
