Daily Static Quiz Prelims Practice 2027
Gandhi began the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 and broke the salt law at Dandi on 6 April 1930, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. The Chauri Chaura incident (February 1922) instead led to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was a no-tax campaign led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and Champaran (1917) was Gandhi's first satyagraha in India.
- Statement 1: The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident of 1922.
- Statement 2: The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed after the Second Round Table Conference.
Statement 1 is correct — after a mob set fire to the police station at Chauri Chaura in February 1922, killing 22 policemen, Gandhi withdrew the movement. Statement 2 is incorrect — the Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931, before the Second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931); under the pact, the CDM was suspended and the Congress agreed to attend the conference.
Statement (c) is incorrect — the Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference (1930–31), and Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference (1931) as its sole representative. The other statements are correct: the Khilafat Movement led by the Ali Brothers joined the NCM in 1920, Bardoli earned Patel the title "Sardar", and Quit India was launched at Gowalia Tank, Bombay on 8 August 1942.
- Assertion (A): The Indian National Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference held in London.
- Reason (R): At that time, the Congress was leading the Civil Disobedience Movement against the colonial government.
A is correct — the First Round Table Conference (November 1930 – January 1931) was held without the Congress. R is correct and explains A — the Congress was then leading the Civil Disobedience Movement, much of its leadership including Gandhi was in jail, and it refused to negotiate while the movement was on. The CDM was suspended only after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact, which opened the way to Congress participation in the Second Conference.
- The Non-Cooperation Movement was Gandhi's first all-India satyagraha.
- The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 opposed the collection of land revenue despite crop failure.
- During the Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918, Gandhi used the hunger strike as a weapon for the first time.
- The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 opposed the tinkathia system of forced indigo cultivation.
Statement 1 is incorrect — Gandhi's first all-India satyagraha was the Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919) against the Rowlatt Act, while the Non-Cooperation Movement came in 1920. Statement 2 is correct — in Kheda (1918), peasants sought remission of revenue after crop failure, and Vallabhbhai Patel joined Gandhi here. Statements 3 and 4 are correct — at Ahmedabad (1918) Gandhi undertook his first hunger strike in support of mill workers' demand for higher wages, and Champaran (1917) opposed the tinkathia system, which forced indigo cultivation on 3/20th of the land.
