Q1. Which of the following rights are available only to citizens?
- Article 15
- Article 16
- Article 19
How many are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All three
Correct Answer: (d) All three
Explanation:
- Article 15 – Citizens only
- Prohibits discrimination by State based on religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth.
- Article 16 – Citizens only
- Equality of opportunity in public employment.
- Article 19 – Citizens only
- Six freedoms (speech, movement, profession, etc.) are exclusive to citizens.
Rights available to all persons include Article 14, 20–22, 23–24, 25–28, 30–32, etc.
Q2. The right to property
- Was originally a Fundamental Right under Article 19(1)(f)
- Was deleted by the 44th Amendment Act
- Is now a legal right under Article 300A
How many are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All three
Correct Answer: (d) All three
Explanation:
- 1 – Correct
- Article 19(1)(f) guaranteed right to acquire, hold, and dispose property.
- 2 – Correct
- 44th Amendment (1978) deleted Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31, ending its status as FR.
- 3 – Correct
- Now protected as constitutional legal right under Article 300A (no person shall be deprived of property except by authority of law).
Q3. Which of the following can be suspended during National Emergency?
- Article 19
- Article 20
- Article 21
How many are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All three
Correct Answer: (a) Only 1
Explanation:
- Article 19 – Can be suspended
- Automatically suspended during National Emergency due to war/external aggression.
- Not suspended during Emergency due to internal disturbance after 44th Amendment (now “armed rebellion”).
- Articles 20 & 21 – Cannot be suspended
- Explicit protection added by 44th Amendment.
- They remain enforceable even if Article 359 is invoked.
Q4. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30) protect the interests of:
(a) Religious minorities only
(b) Linguistic minorities only
(c) Both religious and linguistic minorities
(d) Only Scheduled Tribes
Correct Answer: (c)
Explanation:
- Article 29: protects cultural interests of any minority, religious or linguistic.
- Article 30: grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions.
- No formal national list of minorities; determined contextually (State-level).
Q5. Preventive detention laws can be enacted by:
- Parliament for reasons connected with defence, foreign affairs or security of India
- State legislatures for reasons connected with security of State, public order or maintenance of supplies
How many are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both
(d) None
Correct Answer: (c) Both
Explanation:
- Parliament – Correct
- Entry 9, Union List: PD for defence, foreign affairs, security of India.
- States – Correct
- Entry 3, Concurrent List: PD for security of State, public order, maintenance of essential supplies.
- Several States have their own PD laws (e.g., KA Goondas Act, Tamil Nadu PD Act).
