Q1.Consider the following mountain ranges:
- Western Ghats
- Andes
- Himalayas
- Appalachian Mountains
Which of the above are correctly classified as coastal mountains?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A (1 and 2 only)
Explanation:
- Western Ghats → Coastal mountains along the Arabian Sea margin; formed due to passive margin uplift.
- Andes → Classic coastal mountains along the Pacific margin due to subduction (Nazca–South American Plate).
- Himalayas → Inland mountains; formed by continental collision (Indian–Eurasian Plate).
- Appalachians → Inland, ancient fold mountains located away from active plate margins.
Q2.Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
A. Mid-Atlantic Ridge – Divergent plate boundary
B. Ninety East Ridge – Indian Ocean volcanic ridge
C. Carlsberg Ridge – Subduction zone feature
D. Hawaiian Islands – Hotspot volcanism
Answer: C (Carlsberg Ridge – Subduction zone feature)
Explanation:
- Mid-Atlantic Ridge → Divergent boundary (seafloor spreading).
- Ninety East Ridge → Volcanic ridge formed by hotspot activity in Indian Ocean.
- Carlsberg Ridge → Divergent boundary, part of mid-oceanic ridge system (NOT subduction).
- Hawaiian Islands → Formed due to intraplate hotspot volcanism.
Q3.With reference to the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats of India, consider the following statements:
- Both are classified as Coastal Mountains based on their location.
- The Western Ghats are generally older and more eroded than the Eastern Ghats.
- The Western Ghats exhibit steeper slopes on the seaward side compared to the inland side.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B (1 and 3 only)
Explanation:
- Statement 1 → Correct: Both run parallel to coastlines → coastal classification (location-based).
- Statement 2 → Incorrect:
- Eastern Ghats are older and more eroded (Precambrian origin, discontinuous).
- Western Ghats are relatively younger and continuous.
- Statement 3 → Correct:
- Western Ghats show steep escarpment towards Arabian Sea and gentle slope eastward.
Q4.Consider the following pairs of mountain ranges and their locations:
- Atlas Mountains – Northwestern coast of Africa
- Kunlun Mountains – Interior of Asia
- Appalachian Mountains – Western coast of North America
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B (1 and 2 only)
Explanation:
- Pair 1 → Correct: Atlas located in NW Africa, near Mediterranean coast.
- Pair 2 → Correct: Kunlun → Interior Asia (Tibetan Plateau margin).
- Pair 3 → Incorrect:
- Appalachians → Eastern North America, not western.
- Western mountains = Rockies.
Q5.“These mountains are situated deep within continental interiors, far from oceanic influences. They often consist of older rock systems and play a vital role in defining watershed regions.”
This description best fits:
A. The Andes
B. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
C. The Ural Mountains
D. The Western Ghats
Answer: C (The Ural Mountains)
Explanation:
- Ural Mountains → Classic inland mountains separating Europe and Asia.
- Characteristics:
- Located far from coasts
- Old, eroded fold mountains
- Important watershed divide
- Andes & Western Ghats → Coastal mountains
- Mid-Atlantic Ridge → Oceanic feature
- Inland mountains = stable continental interiors + ancient geology
