Context;
A UK-based teenager, Oran Knowlson, has become the first person in the world to receive a brain implant to help control his epileptic seizures using a deep brain stimulation (DBS) device.
Relevance:
GS III: Science and Technology
Dimensions of the Article:
- About Deep Brain Stimulation Device
- What is Epilepsy?
About Deep Brain Stimulation Device
- Overview:
- The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) device is used for treating movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease and various neurological conditions.
Working:
- Neurostimulation: Delivers constant electrical impulses to the brain to disrupt abnormal seizure-causing signals.
- Implantation: Surgically implanted as a 3.5 cm square, 0.6 cm thick device in the skull, anchored with screws.
- Electrodes: Two electrodes are inserted deep into the brain, targeting the thalamus—a relay station for motor and sensory information. These electrodes connect to the neurostimulator.
- Activation: The device is activated after recovery from surgery and can be recharged wirelessly.
What is Epilepsy?
- Definition: Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, which can manifest as jerking of arms and legs, temporary confusion, staring spells, or stiff muscles. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
- Causes:
- Idiopathic Cases: Nearly 50% of epilepsy cases have no identifiable cause.
- Common Reasons: Include head trauma, brain tumors, certain infections like meningitis, and genetic factors.
- Impact:
- Risk Factors: Epilepsy increases the risk of accidents, drownings, and falls due to sudden seizures.
-Source: The Hindu
