Current Affairs Quiz 10 July 2025
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Current Affairs Quiz 10 July 2025 For UPSC Exam
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- Question 1 of 5
1. Question
With reference to the collapse of the Gambhira bridge near Padra town in Gujarat (July 2025), consider the following statements:
1. The bridge was a pre-independence structure built using cast iron beams and stone masonry.
2. Structural fatigue and monsoon-related soil weakening are cited as probable causes of the collapse.
3. India has a centrally maintained public database on load-bearing capacity and stress limits of all bridges over 30 years old.
4. Parliamentary reports and audits have flagged the poor implementation of Bridge Management Systems (BMS) by States.
How many of the above statements are correct?CorrectCorrect Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Incorrect. The collapsed bridge was ~40 years old (post-independence) and made of RCC (reinforced cement concrete), not cast iron or stone masonry.
• Statement 2: Correct. Structural fatigue and monsoon-related weakening of soil/foundation are identified as probable causes.
• Statement 3: Incorrect. India does not currently maintain a centralised public database on the structural condition, load capacity, or stress levels of aging bridges.
• Statement 4: Correct. CAG and Parliamentary Committees have repeatedly flagged poor or incomplete implementation of Bridge Management Systems (BMS) by several State governments.IncorrectCorrect Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Incorrect. The collapsed bridge was ~40 years old (post-independence) and made of RCC (reinforced cement concrete), not cast iron or stone masonry.
• Statement 2: Correct. Structural fatigue and monsoon-related weakening of soil/foundation are identified as probable causes.
• Statement 3: Incorrect. India does not currently maintain a centralised public database on the structural condition, load capacity, or stress levels of aging bridges.
• Statement 4: Correct. CAG and Parliamentary Committees have repeatedly flagged poor or incomplete implementation of Bridge Management Systems (BMS) by several State governments. - Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding archaeological sites in Tamil Nadu:
1. The Keeladi excavation site provides evidence of an urban settlement associated with the Sangam Age, including brick structures and inscriptions in Tamil-Brahmi script.
2. The Kodumanal site has revealed evidence of bead-making and iron tool production, along with trade links with the Roman Empire.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?CorrectCorrect Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Correct.
Keeladi (Sivaganga district) has revealed urban planning, brick structures, Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, and artefacts consistent with the Sangam Age (circa 6th century BCE to 3rd century CE), suggesting literacy and urbanisation.
• Statement 2: Correct.
Kodumanal (Erode district) has yielded industrial remains — bead-making workshops, iron tools, and Roman trade goods, confirming its role in ancient trade networks.IncorrectCorrect Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Correct.
Keeladi (Sivaganga district) has revealed urban planning, brick structures, Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, and artefacts consistent with the Sangam Age (circa 6th century BCE to 3rd century CE), suggesting literacy and urbanisation.
• Statement 2: Correct.
Kodumanal (Erode district) has yielded industrial remains — bead-making workshops, iron tools, and Roman trade goods, confirming its role in ancient trade networks. - Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Catastrophe Bonds (Cat Bonds):
1. Cat bonds are issued by financial intermediaries such as the World Bank or reinsurance firms, not directly by governments.
2. They provide investors with high coupon rates but involve the risk of losing principal if a disaster occurs.
3. In India, cat bonds have already been deployed to finance disaster relief during major floods in Assam and Odisha.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?CorrectCorrect Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Correct.
Cat bonds are sponsored by sovereigns but issued by intermediaries like the World Bank, ADB, or reinsurers to reduce counterparty risk.
• Statement 2: Correct.
These bonds offer high returns (coupon rates) due to the high risk — if a disaster hits and parameters are met, investors lose part or all of their principal.
• Statement 3: Incorrect.
India has not yet issued any cat bonds. The idea is under consideration, but no bond has been deployed for Assam or Odisha floods.IncorrectCorrect Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Correct.
Cat bonds are sponsored by sovereigns but issued by intermediaries like the World Bank, ADB, or reinsurers to reduce counterparty risk.
• Statement 2: Correct.
These bonds offer high returns (coupon rates) due to the high risk — if a disaster hits and parameters are met, investors lose part or all of their principal.
• Statement 3: Incorrect.
India has not yet issued any cat bonds. The idea is under consideration, but no bond has been deployed for Assam or Odisha floods. - Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the National Achievement Survey (NAS) and Himachal Pradesh’s performance:
1. The NAS is conducted annually by the NITI Aayog to evaluate teacher performance across all government and private schools.
2. Himachal Pradesh secured the top rank in the 2021 NAS survey and maintained it in 2025 with minimal structural reforms.
3. NAS includes parameters such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and inter-personal skills in its scoring system.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?CorrectCorrect Answer: (D) None
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Incorrect.
NAS is not conducted annually, and not by NITI Aayog. It is conducted every three years by the Ministry of Education, and it evaluates student learning outcomes, not teacher performance.
• Statement 2: Incorrect.
Himachal Pradesh was ranked 21st in NAS 2021, not 1st. It made a significant leap to Top 5 in 2025, due to major structural reforms, including school mergers and system unification.
• Statement 3: Incorrect.
NAS tests academic subjects like Language, Math, Science, Social Science, and EVS. It does not evaluate creativity, emotional intelligence, or interpersonal skills.IncorrectCorrect Answer: (D) None
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Incorrect.
NAS is not conducted annually, and not by NITI Aayog. It is conducted every three years by the Ministry of Education, and it evaluates student learning outcomes, not teacher performance.
• Statement 2: Incorrect.
Himachal Pradesh was ranked 21st in NAS 2021, not 1st. It made a significant leap to Top 5 in 2025, due to major structural reforms, including school mergers and system unification.
• Statement 3: Incorrect.
NAS tests academic subjects like Language, Math, Science, Social Science, and EVS. It does not evaluate creativity, emotional intelligence, or interpersonal skills. - Question 5 of 5
5. Question
With reference to inequality measurement and India’s Gini Index ranking, consider the following statements:
1. In 2025, India was ranked as the 4th most equal country globally based on the income-based Gini index published by the World Bank.
2. According to the World Inequality Database (2023), the top 1% of Indians earned more than one-fifth of national income and held over 40% of personal wealth.
3. The consumption-based Gini index tends to underestimate inequality as it does not capture capital income, savings differentials, or inheritance-based wealth concentration.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?CorrectCorrect Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Incorrect
India was ranked 4th most equal globally in 2025, but based on consumption-based Gini, not income-based. The World Bank used consumption-based metrics (Gini = 0.29) which mask actual income and wealth inequality.
• Statement 2: Correct
The World Inequality Database (2023) states:
◦ Top 1% earned 22.6% of income
◦ Held 40.1% of total personal wealth
• Statement 3: Correct
The consumption-based Gini:
◦ Smooths consumption differences
◦ Misses wealth hoarding, capital income, inheritance
◦ Fails to adjust for urban-rural price gaps → Hence, underestimates true inequalityIncorrectCorrect Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Incorrect
India was ranked 4th most equal globally in 2025, but based on consumption-based Gini, not income-based. The World Bank used consumption-based metrics (Gini = 0.29) which mask actual income and wealth inequality.
• Statement 2: Correct
The World Inequality Database (2023) states:
◦ Top 1% earned 22.6% of income
◦ Held 40.1% of total personal wealth
• Statement 3: Correct
The consumption-based Gini:
◦ Smooths consumption differences
◦ Misses wealth hoarding, capital income, inheritance
◦ Fails to adjust for urban-rural price gaps → Hence, underestimates true inequality
