Context:
A sarcophagus fragment discovered beneath the floor of a religious center belongs to Ramesses II, one of the best-known ancient Egyptian pharaohs, according to a new study.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
About Sarcophagi
Definition and Purpose:
- A sarcophagus is a highly decorated coffin or a box-like container that houses a coffin.
- Originally intended to be displayed above ground, they were sometimes entombed or placed in burial chambers.
Historical Usage:
- Used to hold and protect the remains of important individuals throughout history, dating back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Rome, and Greece.
- The term “sarcophagus” originates from the Greek words “sarx” (flesh) and “phagien” (to eat), literally translating to “eater of flesh.”
- First used in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece, the sarcophagus gained popularity across the ancient world.
- Continued to be used in later European societies, often for high-status members of the clergy, government, or aristocracy.
Features:
- Cultural Variations: Designs and details vary from one culture to another.
- Material: Typically made of stone, with limestone being the most common. Other materials include granite, sandstone, and marble.
- Decoration: Elaborately adorned with carvings, images, and inscriptions, often featuring the name of the deceased.
Archaeological Significance:
- Sarcophagi are crucial artifacts for archaeologists and historians, providing insights into the art, culture, and beliefs of the societies that created them.
- The carvings and inscriptions often contain valuable historical information.
- Notable Example:
- The golden sarcophagus of King Tutankhamun is one of the most famous Egyptian sarcophagi.
-Source: The Hindu
