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Countrywide survey reveals deficits in student learning

About PARAKH RS

  • Full Form: Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development – Rashtriya Sarvekshan
  • Formerly: National Achievement Survey (NAS)
  • Conducted by: Ministry of Education, via PARAKH (under NCERT)
  • Scope:
    • Assessed: 21.15 lakh students
    • Grades Covered: 3, 6, and 9
    • Subjects:
      • Grades 3, 6, 9: Language, Mathematics
      • Grades 3, 6: Environmental Studies (World Around Us)
      • Grade 9: Science, Social Science
    • Coverage: 74,229 schools across 781 districts
    • Teachers/Leaders surveyed: 2.7 lakh+

Relevance : GS 2(Education ,Governance)

Best Performing States/UTs (By Grade)

GradeTop Performers
3Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala
6Kerala, Punjab, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
9Punjab, Kerala, Chandigarh
  • Overall Consistent Performers: Punjab & Kerala (Top 3 in all grades)
  • Kendriya Vidyalayas:
    • Weakest in Grade 3 mathematics
    • Strongest in Grade 9 language

Learning Outcomes: Key Findings by Grade

Grade 3

  • Language:
    • 67% could use adequate vocabulary for daily interactions.
    • Most could infer meanings of new words from context.
  • Mathematics:
    • 69% could recognize and extend patterns.
    • 68% could sort objects based on multiple attributes.
    • Only 55% could order numbers up to 99 correctly.

Grade 6

  • Math:
    • Only 54% understood place value of large numbers.
    • Just 38% could solve real-life word problems involving arithmetic.
  • Environmental Studies:
    • Only 38% asked predictive questions about natural patterns (phases of the moon, rituals, plant structures).

Grade 9

  • Social Science:
    • 45% understood the Constitution’s evolution, and Indian national movement’s ideals.
  • Language:
    • 54% could identify key points from reading/listening to news texts.
  • Math:
    • Only 31% could engage with number sets (fractions, integers, rationals, reals) and their properties.

Critical Gaps & Interpretation

  • Cognitive Depth Drops Sharply: Only 31% of Grade 9 students could grasp foundational number theory.
  • Early Numeracy is Better than Later: 69% of Grade 3 students could extend patterns, vs. 38% of Grade 6 students solving puzzles.
  • Problem-solving Weakness: Significant dip in applied mathematical reasoning from Grade 3 to 6.
  • Text Comprehension Gaps: Even by Grade 9, only half the students show analytical reading skills.
  • Civic Literacy: Less than half understand the democratic and civilisational roots of the Constitution.

Policy and Pedagogical Implications

  •  Foundational Learning Progress: NEP 2020’s emphasis on foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) seems to show early positive trends.
  • Middle & Secondary Stage Lags: There’s a major drop-off in applied learning and conceptual reasoning from Grades 6–9.
  • Pedagogical Rethink Needed: Performance shows over-reliance on rote learning, with low focus on prediction, exploration, and problem-solving.
  • KVs Need Targeted Support in early math; despite national resources, performance lags in Grade 3.
  • Data-Driven Interventions: States like Punjab and Kerala demonstrate how teacher quality, consistent assessment, and early interventions yield results.

July 2025
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