Daily Static Quiz Prelims Practice 2027
- The political unit shifted from Jana to Janapada.
- Sabha gained greater prominence than Samiti in the Later Vedic period.
- Kingship remained elective throughout the Vedic period.
- Wars increasingly came to be fought over territorial control rather than cattle wealth.
Statement 1 is correct — Early Vedic society revolved around tribal units called Jana, while Janapadas (territorial units) emerged in the Later Vedic Age. Statement 2 is correct — Sabha gained greater influence in the Later Vedic period while the Samiti gradually declined. Statement 3 is incorrect — kingship increasingly became hereditary during the Later Vedic period, not elective. Statement 4 is correct — early conflicts centred on cattle raids, while later warfare shifted towards territorial control.
- Bali — Voluntary contribution to the chief
- Gomat — One who protects cows
- Duhitri — Daughter
- Gavyuti — Measure of distance
Pair 1 is correct — Bali was originally a voluntary tribute offered to the chief. Pair 2 is incorrect — Gomat means a wealthy person possessing many cattle, not one who protects cows; the protector of cows is Gopati. Pair 3 is correct — Duhitri literally means "one who milks cows," and refers to a daughter. Pair 4 is correct — Gavyuti was used as a measure of distance. Three of the four pairs are correctly matched.
- Use of iron-tipped ploughshares
- Emergence of territorial kingdoms
- Composition of the Rigveda
- Rise of elaborate sacrificial rituals like Rajasuya and Ashvamedha
Statement 1 is correct — iron-tipped ploughshares improved agricultural productivity in the Later Vedic period. Statement 2 is correct — settled agriculture facilitated the emergence of territorial kingdoms. Statement 3 is incorrect — the Rigveda belongs primarily to the Early Vedic Age, not the Later Vedic period. Statement 4 is correct — elaborate sacrificial rituals such as the Rajasuya (royal consecration) and Ashvamedha (horse sacrifice) expanded significantly in the Later Vedic phase.
- Women in the Early Vedic period could participate in assemblies.
- Child marriage became increasingly common in the Later Vedic period.
- Women composers such as Lopamudra and Ghosa are associated with the Rigvedic tradition.
- Women enjoyed identical political rights in both Early and Later Vedic periods.
Statement 1 is correct — women participated in assemblies during the Early Vedic Age. Statement 2 is correct — patriarchal restrictions deepened in the Later Vedic period, with child marriage becoming increasingly prevalent. Statement 3 is correct — women seers such as Lopamudra, Apala, and Ghosa composed hymns in the Rigvedic tradition. Statement 4 is incorrect — women's public and political role declined significantly in the Later Vedic Age, so their rights were not identical across both periods.
- Cattle were the principal measure of wealth during the Early Vedic Age.
- Rice cultivation became prominent in the Later Vedic period.
- The barter system completely disappeared in the Later Vedic period.
- Iron technology contributed to agricultural expansion.
Statement 1 is correct — cattle were the primary measure of wealth in the Early Vedic Age. Statement 2 is correct — rice cultivation expanded considerably in the Later Vedic period. Statement 3 is incorrect — the barter system did not completely disappear; it continued alongside growing metallic exchange. Statement 4 is correct — iron tools facilitated forest clearing and significantly boosted agricultural productivity.
