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About Chandipura Virus Infection

Context:

6 children die of suspected Chandipura virus infection in Gujarat.

Relevance:

GS II: Health

Dimensions of the Article:

  1. Chandipura Virus Infection (CHPV)

Chandipura Virus Infection (CHPV):

  • Virus Classification: CHPV belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, which also includes rabies virus (lyssavirus).
  • Vectors: Transmitted primarily by sandflies like Phlebotomine sandflies and Phlebotomus papatasi, and certain mosquito species including Aedes aegypti (also vector for dengue).
  • Transmission: The virus resides in the salivary glands of these insects and can be transmitted to humans and other vertebrates through bites.
  • Pathogenesis: Enters the central nervous system, causing encephalitis (inflammation of the brain’s active tissues).
  • Symptoms:
    • Initially presents with flu-like symptoms such as sudden onset of fever, body ache, and headache.
    • Progresses to altered mental status, seizures, and encephalitis.
    • Other symptoms include respiratory distress, bleeding tendencies, and anemia.
    • Rapid disease progression, with mortality possible within 24-48 hours of hospitalization post-encephalitis.
  • Demographics: Primarily affects children under 15 years of age.
  • Treatment: Currently managed symptomatically; no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine available.
  • Affected Regions in India:
    • First isolated during investigations of a dengue/chikungunya outbreak in Maharashtra in 1965.
    • Significant outbreaks observed in 2003-04 in Maharashtra, northern Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh.
    • Endemic to central India, where the population of sandflies and mosquitoes capable of spreading CHPV is higher.

-Source: Indian Express


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