Context:
A new global index ranks 25 countries on critical and emerging technologies such as AI, semiconductors, biotechnology, space, and quantum tech. India trails the U.S., China, and Europe in all five sectors, especially semiconductors.
Relevance: GS 3 ( Science & Technology, Economic Development, Strategic Tech)
- Overall Performance:
India scored 15.2 on the Critical and Emerging Technologies Index, placing it below France but above Russia, Canada, and Australia. - U.S. Leads Globally:
The U.S. dominates all five sectors due to high investments, a strong research base, and collaboration across government, academia, and industry. - China Catching Up:
China shows strong performance in biotechnology and quantum tech, driven by state-led planning, though it still lags in semiconductors and advanced AI. - India’s Weakest Link – Semiconductors:
India ranks low in semiconductor design, manufacturing, and ecosystem development—critical for national security and digital independence. - AI and Biotechnology Potential:
India has moderate presence in AI and biotech but lacks in funding, talent depth, and cutting-edge research capacity compared to global leaders. - Space and Quantum Tech:
In space technology, India ranks 7th, showing strength in launch capabilities but limited defence assets and investment. Quantum research is still nascent. - Strategic Gaps:
India lacks a unified, high-investment strategy across these sectors, unlike the U.S. or China which benefit from focused policies and institutional support. - Index Methodology:
The index uses weighted pillars based on geopolitical relevance, talent, funding, and innovation to assess national capabilities.
Conclusion:
- India must significantly scale up investments, talent development, and R&D to compete in critical technologies.
- A coordinated public-private policy framework is essential to bridge the tech gap with global leaders.
