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PIB 26th November 2020

Contents

  1. Constitution Day
  2. Human Resource Management System (HRMS)
  3. Ayushman Bharat
  4. Finland
  5. SDG Investor Map for India
  6. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
  7. National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited. (NAFED)
  8. Draft Merchant Shipping Bill, 2020

CONSTITUION DAY

Focus:  GS 2;Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

Why in News?

Address by the Hon’ble President of India Shri Ram Nath Kovind on the occasion of Inauguration of Constitution Day

About Constituion Day

  • The Constitution Day also known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’, is celebrated in our country on 26th November every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India.
  • On 26th November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India, which came into effect from 26th January 1950.
MINISTRY OF 
SOCIAL JUSTICE 
AND EMPOWERMENT 
Constitution Day 
26th November, 2020 
#SamvidhanDiwas
  • The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment on 19th November 2015 notified the decision of Government of India to celebrate the 26th day of November every year as ‘Constitution Day’ to promote Constitution values among citizens.
  • The 71st Constitution day is celebrated on the 26th Nov 2020 throughout the country.
CELEBRATING 
CONSTITUTION DAY 
26TH NOVEMBER 2020
  • The Indian Constitution is the longest  in the world, but that is not the only fascinating fact.
RBSI - Digital Rare Book: The Constitution of India (Original copy)  Photolithographed at the Survey of India Offices, Dehra Dun, India - 1950  This book is one of 1,000 photolithographic reproductions of
  • Here are some interesting and lesser-known facts about the Constitution of India as below:
  1. The Constitution of India has borrowed some of its features from 10 other countries, including Britain, Ireland, Japan, USA, South Africa, Germany, Australia, and Canada, as shown in the below attached image.
Constitution Drawn from Various Sources 
Part Drawn 
Structure(FederaI Scheme, Office of 'overn 
Commissions, Emergency 
and Administrative details) 
Fundamental Rights, Independence of Judiciary, Judicial review, Impeachment 
of of Supreme High Cowt judges and of 
Vice—President. Equal Protection Of 
- : by Law 
ad Of Due Of Law 
(Parliamentary Rule ot Single 
System, writs. Parliamentary Privileges and 
Bicameralism). Equality Before Law 
Other relevant Parliamentary Govt with Elected Head 
instead hereditary Indian Parliament soverign 
of State Policy, of to Rajya 
and method of Elecnon of 
Federation with a Centre, 
vestine of residuary in the Centre, 
of State by Centæ, and Jurisdic%on of the 
Supreme Court. 
Concurrent List. Freedom Of trade, Commerce and Inter-course, and Joint 
sitting of the two Houses of parliament. 
of Rights dwing 
duBes ideal Of jus%ce and the 
Republic and the ideals of Equality and Fraternity in preamble. 
of the El«non of of 
Raiva Sabha. 
procedure established by Law. 
Source 
Govt Of India 
Act' 1935 
USA 
Ireland 
Ca nada 
Australia 
Germany 
Russia 
France 
South Africa 
Japan
  1. The Constituent Assembly of India was established in 1946. It met for 166 days spread over 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.
  2. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, was elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the head of the drafting committee.
  3. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is regarded as the Father of Indian Constitution.
MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION 
The Constituent Assembly(1946-49) completed the historic 
task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India 
How was it done? 
Il 
165 
299 
Sessions 
Days of discussion 
Members involved 
What is in it? 
Dr B R Ambedkar 
The Architect of the 
Indian Constitution 
Longest written Constitution in the world 
395 Articles in 22 Parts 8 12 Schedules 
Provides 6 fundamental rights to citizens 
Has a preamble capturing its spirit 
Source: Parliament of India Website

Above image shows the Originally the constitution contained 395 articles divided in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At present there are, 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules. The numbering still remains the same but as and when the constitution is amended, new articles are added below original articles with suffix A, B, C etc.

SIX FUNDAMENTAL 
RIGHTS IN INDIA 
RIGHT TO EQUALITY 
Right to equality (Article 14 to 18) prohibits the 
inequality on the basis of caste, religion. place of 
birth. race and gender. It ensures equal rights for 
all citizens. 
RIGHT TO FREEDOM 
These rights (Article 19.20.21 A. 22)are freedom of 
speech. freedom Of expression. freedom Of 
movement throughout the territory of our country, 
freedom to practice any profession, freedom to 
reside in any part of the country. However. these 
rights have their own restrictions. 
RIGHT AGAINST 
EXPLOITATION 
Right against Exploitation (Article 23 and 24) 
condemns human trafficking. child labor. forced 
labor making it an offense punishable by law. 
RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF 
RELIGION 
(Article 25 to 28) It guarantees religious freedom 
and ensures secular states in India. All people have 
freedom Of conscience and right to preach. 
practice and propogate any religion of their choice. 
CULTURAL AND 
EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS 
(Article 29 and 30) Cultural Rights protects the 
rights of cultural, religious and linguistic 
minorities by enabling them to conserve their 
heritage and protecting them against 
discrimination. Educational rights ensure 
education for everyone irrespective of their caste. 
gender. religion. etc. 
RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL 
REMEDIES 
Right to constitutional remedies (Articles 32 to 35) 
empowers the citizens to move to a court of law in 
case of any denial of the fundamental rights.

Above image attached shows the 6 Fundamental Rights.

  1. Indian Constitution is a hand-written document, it is one of the longest hand-written documents in the world, there are total of 1,17,369 words in the English version of the Constitution of India.
  2. The original constitution document was signed by 283 members of the parliament.
The origin of the Constitution - The Hindu

Above image of The Constitution of India being signed by Members of the Constituent Assembly in January 1950. 

  1. The word “socialist” was added to the preamble of the Indian Constitution during emergency, by the 42nd amendment act of 1976.
  2. The original hand-written copies of the Constitution are preserved in helium-filled cases in the Library of Parliament House.
  3. The basic structure of the Indian Constitution stands on the Government of India Act, 1935.
  4. The preamble of the Indian Constitution has been amended only once so far on December 18 December 1976, during emergency.
42nd Amendment Act, 1976 : A controversy | RACOLB LEGAL

Above image shows the Original and After 42nd amendment the changes in PREAMBLE of Constituion of India.

Extra Info

  • In the below image shown all  the 12 Schedules of Indian Constituion.
cmsmuno,N 
INDIA 
SCHEDULE 
FIRST 
SECOND 
THIRD 
FOURTH 
FIFTH 
SIXTH 
SEVENTH 
EIGHTH 
NINTH 
TENTH 
ELEVENTH 
TWELTH 
SCHEDULES OF INDIAN 
CONSTITUTION 
DETAIL 
The list of states and union territories with territorial 
demarcations 
Provisions of the President, Governors of States, Speaker 
and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and 
the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council 
of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the 
Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy 
Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State, the 
Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts and 
the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. 
The Forms of Oaths or Affirmations. 
Provisions as to the allocation of seats in the Council of 
States. 
Provisions as to the Administration and Control of 
Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. 
Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the 
States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. 
The Union list, State list and the concurrent list. 
The list of recognized languages. 
Provisions as to validation of certain Acts & Regulations. 
Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection. 
The powers, authority and responsibilities of 
Panchayats. 
The powers, authority and responsibilities of 
Municipalities

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HRMS)

Focus:  GS 3; Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

Why in News?

Indian Railway launches digitized online Human Resource Management System (HRMS)

About Human Resource Management System (HRMS)

  • The Human Resource Management System (HRMS) is a high thrust project for Indian Railways to leverage improved productivity & employee satisfaction.
  • It is a move to improve efficiency and productivity of Railway system and a step towards realizing the vision of Hon’ble Prime Minister to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. 
  • The HRMS is expected to create a big impact on the functioning of all the employees and will make them more tech savvy.
  • The modules will benefit over 27 lakh families of both serving and retired Railway employees. Several other modules of HRMS are already operational in the Indian Railways.
  • The HRMS will increase accountability and transparency in the working of Railways.

AYUSHMAN BHARAT

Focus:  GS 2; Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

Why in News?

Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare today visited National Health Authority (NHA) to conduct a high-level review of the implementation of the flagship health protection mission, Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana(AB PM-JAY) and National Digital Health Mission (NDHM).

About Ayushman Bharat

  • The Ayushman Bharat is National Health Protection Scheme, which will cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) providing coverage upto 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
Image

Above attached about Ayushman Bharat Scheme.

Please click on this Link and read more detailed explanation about Ayushman Bharat Scheme and its Components.


FINLAND

Focus:  GS 2;  Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

Why in News?

India and Finland sign MOU for developing cooperation in the field of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation.

Regarding MOU between India and Finland

  • The MoU is a platform to further advance Indian and Finnish partnership and support, exchange best practices in areas like prevention of Air and water pollution, Waste management; Promotion of circular economy, low-carbon solutions and sustainable management of natural resources including forests, Climate change, Conservation of Marine and Coastal Resources etc.,
Pins Finland-India | Friendship Pins Finland-XXX | Flags F | Crossed Flag  Pins Shop
  • The MoU was signed virtually by Shri Prakash Javadekar, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change from the Indian side and Ms Krista Mikkonen, Minister of the Environment and Climate Change, Government of Finland from the Finnish side.
  • The India has achieved its voluntary target of reducing emissions intensity of its GDP by 21% over 2005 levels, by 2020 and is poised to achieve 35% reduction well before the target year of 2030.
  • As part of its Nationally Determined Contributions submitted under the Paris Agreement , India has taken three quantitative climate change goals viz. reduction in the emissions intensity of Gross Domestic Product  by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level, achieving about 40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030 and creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
  • The MoU will strengthen technological, scientific and management capabilities and develop bilateral cooperation in the field of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation on the basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit with due respect to promotion of sustainable development.

Please click on this link and Refer detailed Explanation about Paris Agreement.

Extra Info

About Arctic Council

  • The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous peoples and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues, in particular on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic.
Online Resources - The Arctic Council
Arctic Council

Above image attached of Arctic council members which are highlighted , Finland is one of the member.

  • The India was re-elected as observer in 2019 to the Arctic council, India was first granted the observer status to the council in 2013, along with five other nations i.e. China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Italy.
members 
• Observers 
Type 
Purpose 
Headquarters 
Membership 
Main organ 
Webs Ite 
Arctic Council 
September 19, 1996; 24 years ago 
(Ottawa Declaration) 
Governmental organization 
Forum for promoting cooperation 
coordination, and interaction among 
the Arctic states. with the involvement 
of the Arctic Indigenous communities 
Tromsø, Norway (since 2012) 
Canada 
Denmark 
Finland 
Iceland 
Norway 
Russia 
Sweden 
United States 
Secretariat

Above image attached about Arctic council and its Hq located in Norway, formed in 1996 by Ottawa declaration as shown in the image.

  • In becoming an Observer, India had to agree to the following criteria set by the Council as follows
  1. Recognize the sovereign rights of Arctic states
  2. Recognize that the Law of the Sea and the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, constitute the legal basis and the legal framework within which the Arctic will be managed
  3. Respect indigenous peoples, local cultures and traditions  and
  4. Be able to contribute to the work of the Arctic Council.

SDG INVESTOR MAP OF INDIA

Focus:  GS 3;  Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Why in News?

UNDP and Invest India launch the SDG Investor Map for India

About SDG Investor Map of India

  • The report is published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Invest India.
INVEST INDIA 
SDG INVESTOR 
MAP REPORT" 
for INDIA 
• SDG 
SDG Impact
  • The Map will help public and private sector stake-holders direct capital towards Investment Opportunity Areas (IOAs), and White Spaces (Areas of Potential) that can contribute to the nationally determined sustainable development needs of the country.
  • The Map has identified 18 Investment Opportunities Areas(IOAs) and 8 White Spaces across 6 Priority Sectors including Education, Healthcare, Agriculture and Allied Services, Financial Services, Renewable Energy and Alternatives, and Sustainable Environment.
PRIORITY 
SECTORS 
PRIORITY 
SUBSECTORS 
PRIORITY 
SUBREGIONS 
INVESTMENT 
OPPORTUNITY 
AREAS 
Define the 
national priority 
starting point 
Identify priority 
subsectors to 
focus on 
Identify priority 
subregions to 
focus on 
Derive specific 
Investment 
Opportunity Areas

Above image of a more detailed 8-step methodology within this 4-level funnel has been developed, including secondary research as well as interviews and consultations with investors, companies, governments and a range of other relevant stakeholders.

  • The Global cooperation and collaboration lie at the centre of achieving the SDGs.
  • The Investors, enterprises, civil society organizations, international networks and national governments must have collaboratively approach.
  • The contribution to the solutions that can help achieve the 17 SDGs and their 169 underlying targets by 2030. 
  • As we move into the ‘Decade of Action‘, ensuring financing of sectors that are relevant to the SDGs, has never been more urgent.
  • The UNCTAD estimated that the SDGs would globally require investments of USD 5 trillion to USD 7 trillion annually as said by World Investment Report.
  • Home to almost a fifth of the world’s population , India’s SDG commitments is key to the success of the 2030 global agenda.
SDGs: Nigeria ranked lowest in terms of commitment to fighting inequality -

Above Image shows the Sustainable Development all 17 Goals by UN (2015 -2030).


AGRICULTURAL and PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (APEDA)

Focus:  GS 3; Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

Why in News?

APEDA holds Virtual Buyer Seller Meet with Germany

APEDA

Please click on this Link and read more detailed explanation about APEDA.


NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE MARKETING FEDERATION OF INDIA LIMITED (NAFED)

Focus:  GS 3 ;Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

Why in News?

Union Agriculture Minister inaugurates Honey Farmer Producer Organizations by NAFED

NAFED Recruitment 2020-Apply Online Job Vacancies November 2020

About Farmer Producer Organization (FPO)

  • It is a Producer Organisation (PO) where the members are farmers.
  • The Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) is providing support for the promotion of FPOs.
  • The FPOs help in the collectivization of such small, marginal and landless farmers in order to give them the collective strength to deal with such issues.
  • The members of the FPO will manage their activities together in the organization to get better access to technology, input, finance and market for faster enhancement of their income.
Radha Mohan Singh on Twitter: "#Farmer Producer Organization (FPO): How to  join #FPO?…

Above attached image related to Farmer Producer Organization (FPO).

Please click on this Link and read more detailed explanation about NAFED.


DRAFT MERCHANT SHIPPING BILL, 2020

Focus:  GS 3 ;Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.

Why in News?

Ministry of Ports, Shipping and waterways issues Draft Merchant Shipping Bill, 2020 for Public Consultation

About Draft Merchant Shipping Bill 2020

  • The Ministry of Shipping has issued the draft of Coastal Shipping Bill, 2020 for suggestions from the stakeholders and general public.
Sevenlight Shipping Services, Parrys - Custom Clearing Agents in Chennai -  Justdial
  • The bill is in accordance with the Union government’s vision for augmenting people’s participation and transparency in the governance.
  • As the shipping sector grows and evolves in the country, a need was felt to have a separate legislation on coastal shipping.
  • The new legislation shall consider coastal shipping as an integral part of the transport chain and recognizes the policy priorities of the sector to meet the demands of the Indian shipping industry. 
  • While drafting this Bill, the global best practices have also been considered.
  • The new Bill aims to repeal and replace the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958.
  • The envisioned advantages of the Merchant Shipping Bill, 2020 are following:
  1. Promoting ease of doing business– The Bill does away with requirement of general trading license for Indian vessels
  2. Embracing digital technology– It enables electronic means of registration, and grants statutory recognition to electronic agreements, records, and log books, in addition to electronic licenses, certificates and payments.
  3. Increasing tonnage and Vessel as a Tradable Asset-The Bill seeks to increase India’s tonnage by widening the eligibility criteria for ownership of vessels and providing for the registration of bareboat charter cum demise, thereby increasing opportunities for international trade.
  4. India as a Bankable Shipping Jurisdiction & avoidance of situations leading to wreck -The proposed Bill seeks to introduce for the first-time statutory framework for regulating maritime emergency response against maritime incidents. The provisions seek to provide for time effective implementation of response mechanisms in order to ensure that the same is prevented from becoming a wreck or other catastrophic event.
  5. Welfare of Indian seafarers on abandoned vessels and safety of abandoned vessels: Provisions for repatriation of abandoned seafarers have been enhanced, in line with the MLC regulations.
  6. Strengthening adjudication and predictability of claims: In order to strengthen the investigation and adjudication of claims arising out of collision of vessels, assessors may be tasked by the High Courts to present their findings on the degrees of fault of each vessel.
  7. India as an Active Enforcement Jurisdiction– The Bill incorporates powers of the Director-General to take action against vessels that are unsafe, and pose a threat to safety of life at sea and environment, and includes a procedure for appeal from detention orders.

  • The Bill also incorporates provisions that encourage active enforcement of pollution prevention standards and the Central Government has been granted the power to mandate compulsory insurance or such other financial security, for pollution damage.
  • The Bill seeks to provide increased opportunities for investment and provide greater impetus to a self-reliant domestic investment climate in the maritime industry.
  • The provisions regulating the maritime education, training, certification and the recruitment and placement of seafarers and ease of registration of ships under the Indian flag will give an impetus to the quality and quantity of Indian seafarers.
  • Consequently, it will boost employment opportunities for Indian seafarers in the national and international market.
  • The benefits will be extended to ancillary sectors connected with the shipping industry in consonance with ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiatives of the government.
  • It has been a priority of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s government to replace all archaic colonial laws with modern and contemporary International laws with active participation of people to enhance transparency in the governance.
  • For the same, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways recently issued two draft Bills for public consultation, namely ‘Aids to Navigation Bill 2020’ and ‘Coastal Shipping Bill 2020’ and now this historical ‘Draft Merchant Shipping Bill 2020’is being issued, within a short span of time of four months. Moreover, Major Port Authorities Bill 2020 is also under consideration of Rajya Sabha, which has been already passed by Lok Sabha in the last Parliament session. All these Bills are going to generate sweeping waves in the maritime scenario moving India towards a fully developed maritime economy.

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