The Dec 15th Static Quiz on Environment (Aquatic Ecosystem)

Ans:- d) All of the above
Explanation;-
• All the statements are correct
• The Tso Moriri or Lake Moriri or “Mountain Lake”, is a lake in the Changthang Plateau in Ladakh in Northern India.
• The lake and surrounding area are protected as the Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve.
• The lake is at an altitude of 4,522 m.

• The Chandratal which literally means moon shaped lake (Chandra means moon & tal means lake in Hindi) is situated at a height of 4270 meters and 8 KMs away from the Kunzum Pass in Spiti & Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh, India and lies between a low Himalayan ridge and the main Kunzum range.

• The Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 km. 

• The Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in North East India and is famous for the phumdis floating over it.
• The lake is located at Moirang in Manipur state, India. The etymology of Loktak is Lok = “stream” and tak = “the end”. 

Ans;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation;-
• Both the statements are reversed that’s y asnwer is c.
• The Chemical Oxygen Demand or COD is a measurement of the oxygen required to oxidize soluble and particulate organic matter in water.
• The Biochemical Oxygen Demand or Biological Oxygen Demand, is a measurement of the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) that is used by aerobic microorganisms when decomposing organic matter in water.

Ans:- c) Eutrophication
Explanation:-
• The Red tide is a common name for algal blooms, which are large concentrations of aquatic microorganisms, such as protozoans and unicellular algae.
• The upwelling of nutrients from the sea floor, often following massive storms, provides for the algae and triggers bloom events.
• The Algal Bloom are a result of blue-green algae, which are actually bacteria (cyanobacteria).
• Some algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients (particularly phosphorus and nitrogen) into waters and higher concentrations of these nutrients in water cause increased growth of algae and green plants.

Ans;- d) Oxygen

Explanation;-

• The Eutrophication is the nutrient enrichment of a water body due to natural or accelerated/cultural factors like run-offs from land that causes the growth of plant life(algae) in it.
• These algae uptake the oxygen dissolved in the water making it unavailable and leading to the death of fishes, whose decomposing remains further deplete the water body of dissolved oxygen.
• So, the correct option is ‘ oxygen’.

Ans;- b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation;-
• The convention on wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, is the intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. There is no such binding provision therefore statement 1 is incorrect.
• The 2nd and 3rd statements are correct that’s y answer is b i.e. 2 and 3 only

Ans;- a) The Changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a result of human interference.
Explanation;-
• The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference.

• The Ramsar Sites which are potentially at risk as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference may be placed on “The record of Ramsar Sites where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur” – the Montreux Record.

Ans;- d) All of the above

Explanation;-

• The major reef formations in India are restricted to the Gulf of Mannar, Palk bay, Gulf of Kutch, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep islands.

• While the Lakshadweep reefs are atolls, the others are all fringing reefs.

• The Patchy coral is present in the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast of the country.

Ans;- d) All of the above
Explanation;-
• All the statements about mangroves are correct.
• The Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone. 
• All of these trees grow in areas with low-oxygen soil, where slow-moving waters allow fine sediments to accumulate.
• The major mangroves in India are found at:
a) Sundarban Groves
b) Mahanadi Mangroves
c) Krishna Godavari Mangroves
d) Mangroves of Gujarat
e) Ratnagiri Mangroves
f) Goa Mangroves
g) Cauvery Deltaic Mangroves
h) Krishan-Godavari Mangroves
i) Andaman Nicobar Mangroves

Ans;- a) 1 and 2 only

Explanation;-

• The PoPs do not cause global warming. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment.

• The international community has called for urgent global actions to reduce and eliminate releases of these chemicals, because they are;-

a) Highly toxic to humans and the environment
b) Persistent in the environment, resisting bio-degradation
c) Taken up and bio-accumulated in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
d) Capable of long-range, transboundary atmospheric transport and deposition.

Ans;- c) Biomagnification

Explanation;-

• The Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is any concentration of a toxin, such as pesticides, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.
• The Biomagnification can be defined as the rise or increase in the contaminated substances caused by the intoxicating environment. The contaminants might be heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, and pesticides such as polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT.
• These substances are taken up by the organisms through the food they consume. When the organisms in the higher food chain feed on the organisms in the lower food chain containing these toxins, these toxins get accumulated in the higher organisms.