01 December Static Quiz 2021 (History)

In introducing the Permanent Settlement, British officials hoped to resolve the problems they had been facing since the conquest of Bengal. By the 1770s, the rural economy in Bengal was in crisis, with recurrent famines and declining agricultural output. Officials felt that agriculture, trade and the revenue resources of the state could all be developed by encouraging investment in agriculture. This could be done by securing rights of property and permanently fixing the rates of revenue demand. If the revenue demand of the state was permanently fixed, then the Company could look forward to a regular flow of revenue, while entrepreneurs could feel sure of earning a profit from their investment, since the state would not siphon it off by increasing its claim. The process, officials hoped, would lead to the emergence of a class of yeomen farmers and rich landowners who would have the capital and enterprise to improve agriculture. Hence statement 1 is correct.

It was first enacted in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha, this was later followed in northern Madras Presidency and the district of Varanasi. Cornwallis thought of this system inspired by the prevailing system of land revenue in England where the landlords were the permanent masters of their holdings and they collected revenue from the peasants and looked after their interests. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Landlords or Zamindars were recognised as the owners of the land. They were given hereditary rights of succession of the lands under them. The Zamindars could sell or transfer the land as they wished. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

First Anglo-Mysore war: (1766–1769)
First Anglo Maratha war (1775–1782)
First Anglo Burmese war (1824–1826)
First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842)

Deccan Riots (1875):
The Deccan peasants uprising was directed mainly against the excesses of the Marwari and Gujarati money lenders. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
The ryots suffered heavy taxation under the Ryotwari system. The land revenue was also raised by 50% in 1867.
Social Boycott: In 1874, the ryots organised a social boycott movement against the moneylenders. Hence statement 2 is correct.
They refused to buy from the moneylenders’ shops and cultivate their fields.
The barbers, washermen, and shoemakers refused to serve them.
This social boycott spread rapidly to the villages of Poona, Ahmednagar, Solapur and Satara and was transformed into agrarian riots with systematic attacks on the moneylenders’ houses and shops.
The Government succeeded in repressing the movement. As a conciliatory measure, the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act was passed in 1879.
The movement also got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha co-founded by M G Ranade. Hence statement 3 is correct.

1929: Lahore session: President: Jawahar Lal Nehru
Passed the resolution on ‘Poorna Swaraj.’
Civil Disobedience movement for complete independence to be launched
26 January to be observed as ‘Independence Day’.

1931: Karachi session: Gandhi nominated to represent INC in the Second Round Table Conference to be held in London

All the statements are correct.

Battle of Buxar
The Battle of Buxar was fought between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1763; Shuja-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.

Significance: Unlike the battle of Plassey which was more of British conspiracy, the battle of buxar was a full-fledged war which established the British prowess in warfare.
The importance of this battle lay in the fact that not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal Emperor of India was defeated by the British.
The victory made the British, a great power in northern India and contenders for supremacy over the whole country.
The battle resulted in the Treaty of Allahabad, 1765 in which the Mughal Emperor surrendered sovereignty of Bengal to the British.